F 234 
.R5 L68 
Copy 1 



THE 



REFORM ADVOCATE 







\ 



SYNAGOUE, RICHMOND, V.\ 



"Jews of Richmond" 



PUBLISHED AT 



7 S. DEARBORN STREET 



CHICAGO 



LIBRARY OF CONGR 




1457147 



March 8, 1913 




(lass _Z_2j5i£ 
ill ink 



PKI SI .YIKD IIY 



The Reform Advocate. 



B. A. BLENNER 

Representing: The Stearns, White, Chalmers, and Warren Cars 

New Show Room: 521 E. Main Streeet, Phone 888 RICHMOND, VA. 



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Phone Monroe 2089 Richmond, Va. 



* . M. SKI.ril, Secretary ami Treasurer. 



C. I". PA1 L, Vice President. 

GOVERNOR ST. 



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The Reform Advocate. 



i.iiWin \ P.U.MER, Principal Igenl 



<.. MOFFETT KIMi, Secretary. 



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Mutual Assurance Society 

of Virginia 

RICHMOND, VIRGINIA 



rhe oldest fire institution in the South appreciates your patronage in the past, and 
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Electrical Wiring of all Kinds 
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Bells, Telephones Repaired and 
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Telephone: Madison 7060 



The Reform advocate. 



EMIL G. HIRSCH, Editor 



CHICAGO, ILLINOIS. 



BI.OCH & NEWMAN. Publishers 



HISTORY OF THE JEWS OF RICHMOND 



Their Progress and Prospects 



By GASTON LICHTENSTEIN. 



At the close of the Revolutionary War a handful of 
lews lived in Richmond. The place itself was small, 
there being only a few thousand people altogether. It 
must be borne in mind that Williamsburg was the Capital 
of Virginia, at the outbreak of hostilities, and that Rich- 
mond had not yet become a town of importance. The 
assembly at St. John's church, in 1775. (when Patrick 
Henry made his memorable "Liberty or Death" speech i 
was held in Richmond because Williamsburg naturally 
did nut appeal to the patriots, as a place of safety. 

While the great struggle between England and the 
Colonies was at fever heat, a Hessian by the name of 
Joseph Darmstadt came to America and finally settled 
in Richmond, He was one of the first Jew- to make 
a notable place for himself in the life of the city, ft is 
strange to think that a despised Hessian, man) of whom 
were hired by England to fight the patriots, could settle 
in an American community (immediately after the 
Revolution t and become a respected citizen. 

Joseph Darmstadt was as well known for many years 
a- the market square on which he lived. I lis knowl- 
edge of German enabled him to trade with the Teuton 
farmer^ who had settled beyond the Blue Ridge, in the 
beautiful valley region. These sons of the Fatherland 
used to drive their wagons to Richmond, laden with the 
products of "the farm, the mill, the forest and the 
chase." 

Hi- social disposition brought wlr. Darmstadt into the 
best society. Early every morning, when the citizens 
went to market, he would have a large coffee pol bef '• 
his fireplace. On particularly cold, or wet. morni 
many of his friends partook of its contents, lie pre- 
pared the beverage himself. Judges, lawyers, doctors 
and merchants used to repair to this coffee house and 
gather the news from each other. Thus the happenings 
cf the community circulated from this agreeable centei 
to the several families. 

Joseph Darmstadt not only made a commercial success 
hut he also became a prominent Mason, lie was Treas- 



urer of the Grand Lodge of Virginia and the record; oi 
the order contain several references to him. ' >f the 
other Jewish inhabitants of Richmond, prior to the in- 
auguration of Washington as first President of the 
United States, probably the members of the firm of 
Cohen and Isaacswere besl known. It may be state 1 
that their place of business was called "the Jews' store." 
This phrase is copied from a newspaper of the period 
and occurs in an advertisement. It did not imply viru- 
lent prejudice against them, as many readers may think, 
because Cohen and Isaac did a large business. 

In 1791, Isaiah Isaacsdeeded a piece of land to Jacob 
I. Cohen, Israel 1. Cohen. David Isaac* Moses Mord< 
Jacob 1. Cohen, Jr., Simon Gratz, Aaron Levi, Moses 
Jacob and Levi Myers, trustees, for a cemetery. Isaiah 
s t vho dee led the tract, was a member of the firm, 
ohen ami Isaac? lie is buried in the old cemetery, 
which a few years ago was reclaimed from decay. Its 
location, in the lower section of the city, oany 

Jewish tourists to pas- it by. However unsightly the 
surroundings today, owing to the shifting of the city's 
population, the landscape in 179] presented a different 
view. 

Jacob I. ( ohen was the partner of [saiah Isaac? He 

had no children hut his brother Israel J.'s sou. Jacob I. 

Cohen the Second, went to Baltimore from Richmond 

and his descendants live there at this writing. Jacob I. 

ohen tin- Second settled in Maryland, in 1803. He had 

left a city where the Jews were allowed to hold office 

and. being imbued with the Virginian's spirit of lib 

-et about to secure a repeal of Maryland's anti-Jewish 

laws. In 1825, a combined tight of the Jewish citizens 

>f Haltimore succeeded in repealing the obnoxious laws. 

man of action and won the honor of being 

elected b i the Baltimore l 'ity t Council. 

Twenty-nine heads of families appeared upon the 
r ister of the Congregation "Beth Shalome," at the time 
of its organization in 1791. The inhabitants of Rich- 
mond nail worshipped together, before this date, but the 



The Reform Advocate. 



official records of Beth Shalome began during the year 
1791. These early papers were unfortunately destroyed 
in 1865. when the Confederates evacuated Richmond 
and the city was set on fire. As evidence of the ex- 
istence of a communial organization, prior to 1791, the 
address of the Hebrew Congregations of Xew York. 
Philadelphia, Charleston and Richmond, in 1790, to 
George Washington may be cited. This congratulatory- 
address to the Father of His Country and General 
Washington's reply are herewith appended: 

"The address of the Hebrew Congregations in the 
cities of Philadelphia, Xew York, Richmond and Charles- 
ton, to the President of the United States: 

"Sir — It is reserved for you to unite in affection for 
vour character and person every political and religious 
denomination of men, and in this will the Hebrew Con- 
gregations aforesaid yield to no class of their fellow- 
citizens. 

"We have hitherto been prevented by various circum- 
stances peculiar to our situation from adding our con- 



To this address the President was pleased to reply as 
follows : 

"Answer : To the Hebrew Congregations in the cities 
of Philadelphia, New York, Charleston and Richmond : 

"Gentlemen — The liberality of sentiment toward each 
other, which marks every political and religious denomi- 
nation of men in this country, stands unparalleled in the 
history of nations. 

"The affection of such a people is a treasure beyond 
the reach, of calculation, and the repeated proofs which 
my fellow citizens have given of their attachment to me 
and approbation of my doings, form the purest source 
of my temporal felicity. The affectionate expressions 
of your address again excite my gratitude and receive 
my warmest acknowledgement. 

"The power and goodness of the Almighty, so strong- 
ly manifested in the events of the late glorious Revolu- 
tion, and his kind interposition in our behalf, have been 
no less visible in the establishment of our present equal 
government. In war He directed the sword, and in 



Jewish Syn;,.' 
(Ffcnldin »nd RyUnJ Sl.J. Richmond, Va 




SYNAGOGUE. Franklin & Ryland Sts. 



gratulations to those which the rest of America have of- 
fered on your elevation to the chair of the federal gov- 
ernment. Deign, then, illustrious sir, to accept this our 
homage. 

"The wonders which the Lord of Hosts hath worked 
in the days of our forefathers have taught us to observe 
the greatness of His wisdom and His might through the 
events of the late glorious revolution; and, while we 
humble ourselves at His footstool in thanksgiving and 
praise for the blessing of His deliverance, we acknowl- 
edge you, the leader of American armies, as His chosen 
and beloved servant. But not to your sword alone is 
present happiness to be ascribed; that, indeed, opened 
the way to freedom, but never was it perfectly secure 
until your hand gave birth to the Federal Constitution 
and you renounced the joys of retirement to seal by your 
administration in peace what you had achieved in war. 

"To the eternal God, who is thy refuge, we commit in 
our prayers the care of thy precious life; and when, full 
of years, thou shalt be gathered unto thy people, 'thy 
righteousness shall go before thee,' that the Lord hath 
set apart the godly for Himself, whilst thy name and 
thy virtues will remain an indelible memorial on our 
minds. 

"For and in behalf and under the authority of the 
several congregations aforesaid. 

"Manuel Josephson." 
"Philadelphia, December 13. 1790." 



peace He has ruled in our councils. My agency in both 
has been guided by the best intentions and a sense of 
duty I owe to my country. 

"And as my exertions have hitherto been amply re- 
warded by the approbation of my fellow-citizens, I shall 
endeavor to deserve a continuance of it by my future 
conduct. 

"May the same temporal and eternal blessings which 
you implore for me rest upon your congregations. 

"G. Washington." 

This reply was preserved in the archives of Beth 
Shalome. The most valued probably, of many valuable 
documents, it shared the fate of the others in the evacu- 
ation 'fire of April, 1865. Beth Shalome congregation 
first worshipped in a building on Nineteenth street, be- 
tween Franklin and Grace, but within a few years a 
synagogue was built on Mayo street, in which the con- 
gregation held services for more than three quarters of 
a century. The Sephardic ritual was used, as the mem- 
bers clung to their old style of worship. They were so- 
called Spanish and Portuguese Jews. Their pulpit was 
occupied by men who afterward became well known and 
whose careers form a part of the history of American 
Judaism. .Among the names of those who officiated are 
those of Isaac H. Judah, Isaac Leeser, Jacques J. Lyon, 
Isaac Mendes de Sola, Henry S. Jacobs and George 
Jacobs. 

Isaac Leeser, translater of the Bible from Hebrew into 



The Reform Advocate. 



English, lived in Richmond with his uncle Zalma Re- 
hine, before he settled in Philadelphia. He read serv- 
ices at Beth Shalome and also indulged in literary work 
but Richmond offered too small a field for his energetic 
mind. He went to Philadelphia and began the publica- 
tion of the Occident, the first Jewish magazine to appear 
in America. It continued its existence for a number of 
years and was a worthy publication. In addition to its 
general literary features, social news also found a place 
now and then. Items from Richmond are scattered 
through the several volumes. 

Jacob Ezekiel, father of the famous sculptor Sir M>- 
scs Ezekiel, settled in Richmond during the year 1834. 
lie was a native of Philadelphia, having been born there 
in 1812. On his arrival he took an active part in the 
conduct of the affairs of Beth Shalome. lie was n it 
connected in a ministerial capacity bul liis services as 
an officer of the congregation deserve special mention. 
Soon after the War Between the Stales, Jacob Ezekiel 
went to Cincinnati and lived there until his death at the 



"QUARTERLY SESSION ( >F CHEBRAH AHABAT 
ISRAEL. 

"Richmond, Ya.. January 28th, 1841. 
"Present: Myer Angle, President, in the chair; L. 
Rosenfeld, Treasurer; J. Gotthold, Secretary; W. Fleish- 
man, First Deputy, and I. Rosenheim, Second Deputy, 
and the following members: Joseph Myers, E. Straus, 
A. Ancker, M. Wise, M. Mitteldorfer, Isaac Rosenheim, 
M. Fanduward, 1.. Rosenfeld, S. Rosenfeld. S. Rosen- 
fels, 1".. Rosenfeld, A. llirsch. Sandeck, H. Rosenfield. 

"After the business of the Chebrah was transacted, 
the members present expressed a wish to establish a sy- 
nagogue for German Israelite. After considering the 
matter, its was 

"RESOLVED, To establish a Synagogue for the Ger- 
man Israelites. 

"RES< )LVED, The President appoint a committee to 
lay before this Chebrah a plan how to accomplish this 
undertaking. The President appointed on this commit- 



(End of 


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advanced age of eighty-seven years. For many years, 
he served as Secretary of the Board of Governors, of 
the Hebrew Union College. Cincinnati. 

The German Jews, who first came to Richmond,, affi- 
liated with the congregation Beth Shalome and were 
kindly received by its members ; however, a difference in 
ritual prevented them from forming a fully sympathetic 
association with their Spanish and Portuguese brethren. 
In 1839, the German members organized a society known 
as the "Chebrath Ahabat Israel." and while this organi- 
zation was intended for social and charitable rather than 
religious purposes, yet on January 28th, 1841 ( after its 
short existence of two years), the members resolved 
"to establish a synagogue for the German Israelites." 

About the beginning of the nineteenth century Ger- 
man Jews began to settle in Richmond. During the 
early decades, there were only a few families. Myer 
Angle, first President of the Beth Ahabah congregation, 
married in 1821. His wife was a native Richmonder, 
which proves that the influx began early. 

As has been noted, a sufficient number of German 
Jews had settled in the Capital of Virginia to form an 
organization of their own, in 1839. This was the germ 
which later developed into Beth Ahabah. The new- 
comers from the Fatherland saw too main- differences 
in the Sephardic ritual to feel at ease with their co-reli- 
gionists of Spanish and Portuguese stock. Rev. Max J. 
Michelbacher preserved the records of the new organiza- 
tion by copying them, so that the full account of what 
happened in 1841 can be reproduced today. 



tee Joseph Myers, I. Rosenheim, S. Rosenfeld, and E. 
Straus, and, on motion, he himself was added to this 
committee. 

"Absent: M. Moonshine, Stem. Gerst, Oppenhei- 
mer, Jacobson, Harris, Guggenheimer, Lovenstein, 

i Signed i "Myer Angle. President. 
"J. Gotthold, Secretary." 

"CHEBRAH AHABAT ISRAEL. 

"Meeting February 14, 1841. 

'The committee appointed at the last meeting to pro- 
pose a plan for establishing a Synagogue, reported the 
following : 

"(1) We have succeeded in finding a place, the house 
called the Seminarium, on Marshall street, between Fifth 
and Sixtli streets. The house is suitable for our purpose. 

"i 2 I The owner of the house, Fred. Anderson, told 
Messrs. M. Angle and Joseph Myers he would rent the 
house to this Society for a yearly rent of S225 for our 
purpose, and he would have the outside repairs done. 

"(3) The costs of the inside arrangement of the Sy- 
nagogue will be about $500, and we recommend that this 
amount be paid by free-will contributions of the mem- 
bers of this Chebrah. 

"(4) The committee laid a design of the arrangement 
and its estimate before the meeting, which was adopted 
by all present. 

"The meeting adopted all the committee had prop* 
and 



The Reform Advocate. 



The Northwestern's Record 

for 1912 

Insurance written $160,045,000,- a GAIN of $22,512,140. 

Insurance in Force $1,229,378,000,— a GAIN of $82,104,000. 

Receipts $58,407,548— a GAIN of $3,871,094. 

Assets $297,764,038,— a GAIN of $12,188,819. 

Dividends to policyholders $12,906,810,— a GAIN of $303,483. 

From this statement it will be seen that the Northwestern's GAINS in the 
various items are larger than the TOTAL BUSINESS of a number of other 
companies. 

Concerning the Northwestern Mr. L. Z. Morris, one of the leading business 
men of Richmond says : 

"I have always regarded my insurance in the Northwestern as giving me 
the most satisfactory results." 

There is at present a vacancy in our Agency Corps for the City of Richmond, 
for which we will be pleased to receive applications. 

Address 

T. A. CARY, General Agent 

irginia and North Carolina 
906 Times Dispatch Bldg. Richmond, Va. 



C. W. TOOMBS CO. 

manufacturers of Granite and Marble Monuments and Memorials of Every Description 

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Phone Monroe 589 

413 and 415 South Cherry Street, hollTOo'J'g.ate RICHMOND, VIRGINIA 



W. O. RNAPP, Manager 



Chester fi eld 

Motor Car Repair Shop 

Phone : Monroe 2828 
924 West Broad Street RICHMOND, VA. 



The Reform Advocate. 




HEBREW CONFEDERATE SO RS ' I VIETERY. 



"RESl 'LVED, The house on Marshall street between 
Fifth and Sixth be rented and the committee have it ar- 
ranged as designed for a synagogue. 

i Signed i "J. < lotthold, Secretary. 

"Adjourned." 

"Meeting, April 10, 1841. 

"Present: M. Angle. H. Rosenfeld, Louis Rosenfeld, 
Stern, Rosenbaum, Straus, Oppenheimer, Fanduward, 
II. Rosenheim. E. Rosenfeld. Joseph Myers, Moonshine, 
Fleishman, A. Hirsh,, Mitteldorfer, S. Rosenfels, Isaac 
Rosenheim; J. Rosenheim, Secretary. 

"After hearing the report of the Committee on Ar- 
rangement of Synaogue, 

"RESOLVED, This Chebrah pay out of her own 
treasury the balance of all the expenses of the Syna- 
gogue and charge it to the congregation worshipping in 
this new Synagogue. The congregation was named 
■"Beth Ahaba," (Hebrew title here I "house of love." 

President appointed Isaac Rosenheim, S. Rosen- 
feld. Joseph Myers, Samson Rosenfels. and E. Straus, 
a committee to report a constitution and laws for the 
government of this congregation. "The Synagogue was 
consecrated on May 15, 1841, Shabuoth, by the Rev. J. 
Gotthold, officiating as minister.*' 

Thus was Beth Ahaba brought into being. Its found- 
ers would have looked into the future with wondering 
eyes, if even a mental picture of the magnificent Temple 
on West Franklin street could have been presented to 
them. Rev. J. Gotthold, its first spiritual head, did not re 
main long with the congregation. He was rather a la) 
reader than a regular minister. \fter his departure 
Myer Angle read the services but the congregation 
needed a religious guide. The mi nbei iressed this 

need in a document, well worthy of preservation. It 
will be noted that the sons of the Fatherland wen 
attached to thi German language that they included its 
stud- gi her with that of English and religious sub- 
In short, a parochial school was to be established. 
The document follow 

"A number of the German Israelites, residing in 
id, see with deep sorrow that the I ion of their 

children is partially neglected, that the Religion of ■' 
forefathers is not taught to them in a manner to incul- 
cate into their tender hearts the moral and religious feel- 
ings, and that the) become not sufficiently acquainted 
with the history of their ancestors and thi ation 

of their religious ceremonies : 

"They are beside- desirous, that their children should 
tin a grammatical knowledge of the German lan- 



presenl they only lear i nine and 

,\ ithi 'tit principles ; 

"They further think it highly important to obtain the 
ices of a Reader, who by his learning and m 
principles, will command the esteem of the congregation, 
whose Iciure- will he lessons of morality to young and 
old; 

"They therefore resolve to unite all their energies, and 
besides ask the good will of all in favor with their views. 
in order t > raise a sum sufficient to obtain the services 
of a Reader, who shall also be a teacher to their children 
in the elementary branches of an English education, in 
the German language, and the Religion of their fathers. 
The compensation ought to be commensurate with the 
task, and it is to he hoped that every member will act 
according i" the importance of the cause. The contri- 
butions are set down per annum, but will he collected 
three-monthly." 

Thirty-three name- were upon the list, which brought 
to a realization the views expressed above. The m 
ment for a parochial school began in January, 1846, and 
on the 1st of May, of the same year, Reverend .Max I. 
Michelbacher (called from Philadelphia), took charge 
of the congregation. For many years he gave his best 
efforts toward the uplift of the Jewish community, both 
in secular and religious matter-. When the War be- 
tween the State- was desolating the fair fields of Virgi- 
nia, Max J. Michelbacher perfoi tied dangei ius jour 
ne) - i ' comfort wounded Jewish ildii [< 

out Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederacy, and 
the various generals and sei dough- for the Jewish 

tro ips to attend ' ■ "ii the holy days. In this con- 

necti m, a letter from General Robert E. Lee brings one 
close to that stirring period : 

-DM Ql S. VALLEY MT.. 
29 Aug.. 18 
"Rabbi M. |. Michelbacher. 

I 'readier I [ebre ,\ ' ' mgregation, 

I louse of I .o\ e. Richmond, Va. : 
"Rev. Sir: 

"I have just received your letter of the 23rd hist., re- 
questing that a furlough from the 2nd to the 15th Sept., 
he granted to tic the Jewish persuasion in 

the ( '. S. Army, that the) may participate in the ap- 
proaching hoh services of the Synagogue. 

"It would give me great pleasure to comply with a re- 
quest so earnestl) urged by you. and which 1 know 
would he so highl) appreciated by that class of our 
diery. Rut the necessities >f war admit of no relaxa- 



The Reform Advocate. 



tion of the efforts requisite for it- success, nor can it 
be known on what day the presence of every man may 
not be required. I feel sure that neither you or any 
member of the Jewish Congregation would wish to jeo- 
pardize a cause you have so much at heart by the with- 




REV. M. J- MICHBLBACHEE 

REV. J. WECHSLER REV. DR. A. HOFFMAN 

REV. DR A S. BETTELHEIM REV. DR. A. HARRIS 

FORMER RABBIS OF "BETH AHABA." 



drawal, even for a season, of a portion of its defenders. 
I cannot therefore grant the GENERAL furlough you 
desire, but must leave to individuals to make their own 
application to their several commanders, in the hope that 
they may be able to enjoy the privilege you seek for 
them. Should any be deprived of the opportunity of 
offering up their prayers according to the rites of the 
Church, that their penitence may nevertheless be ac- 
cepted by the Most High, and their petitions answered. 
That your prayers for the success and welfare of our 
Cause may be granted by the great Ruler of the Uni- 
verse, is my ardent wish. 

"1 have the honor to be, with high esteem, 

"Your obt. servt., 
"R. E. LEE, Gen'l. Commd." 

Mrs. Miriam Michelbacher, widow of the rabbi, still 
survives her husband who went to his reward on Janu- 
ary 26th, 1879. She enjoys her old age, surrounded by 
a family of children and grandchildren. One of her 
(laughters, Zipporah married Sam Cohen (of the large 
lepartment store known as the Cohen Company). Mrs. 
Sam Cohen's biography will he found under the head- 
of Prominent Jews of Richmond. Charles Hutz- 
ler, who received his early education at the parochial 
liool, is the President of Beth Ahaba at the present 
time. His biography also appears elsewhere. 



In giving an account of activities relating to the con- 
gregations of Beth Shalome and Beth Ahaba, certain 
items of interest have necessarily been omitted. The 
thread of Richmond's history will be retraced to say- 
first of all that both Cohen and Isaac served in the 
American Army, during the Revolutionary \\ ar. They- 
earned thereby the lasting regard of their fellow citizens. 
Air. E. V. Valentine, the sculptor, has been collecting 
for many years a staggering mass of material, relative 
to the history of Richmond. He has gone patiently over 
the old newspaper files and, among other items, has 
jotted down all the references to the firm of Cohen & 
Isaac. His work will be valuable for research workers. 
in many ways, whenever it appears. 

Jewish citizens suffered, in common with their neigh- 
bors, when the terrible theatre fire of 1811 cast its- 
shadow over the city. This appalling calamity claimed! 
a number of Jewish victims. Monumental Church now 
-lands on the spot. In 1845. Emanuel Hunt died at the 
age of ninety-three. The former's funeral was attended 
bv the Governor of Virginia and other officials. Emanuel 
Hunt had saved a number of persons from drowning 
and Beth Ahaba honored him with a memorial tablet. 

Among the Richmonders who enlisted in the Confe- 
derate Army, Ezekiel J. Levy stands forth prominently. 
He was connected from youth with the old congregation, 




1/ Lqi^emoriarq \V 

l|| I, 

ir'l Isaac Wasserman 



MYER ANGLE JOSEPH MYERS WM. FLEISHMAN' 

.1 GUNDERSHEIMER MOSES MILLHISER MOSES MITTELDORFER 

10 STRAUS IX MEMORIAM. ISAAC WASfi"ERMAN* 

FORMFR PRESIDENTS OF "BETH AHABA." 



Beth Shalome, and served as its Secretary when the call 
to arms came. On April 21st, 1861, he enlisted and rose 
to be Captain of the Richmond Light Infantry Rlues, 
one of the oldest military organizations in the United 
States and one which today makes an impression wher- 
ever it goes. Captain Levy was born on September 



The Reform Advocate. 



15, 1833. He attended private schools in the cit) and 
then became associated in business with his father. From 
the grade of fifth corporal, at the outbreak of hostilities, 
he was promoted gradually. I [e participated in the cam- 
paign in West Virginia in 1861, in the seven days' right 
around Richmond, in the battle of John's Island, S. C. ; 
the battle of the .Mine at Petersburg, and numerous other 
engagements. He was a member of the distinguished 
Levy family, which has furnished Richmond many pro 
minent citizens. 

William Flegenheimer, a native of < iermany who took 
part in the unsuccessful revolution of the late 40's, 'and 
ed in New York and came to Richmond ten years before 
Virginia left the Union. Being an unusually skilled pen- 
man, he was called upon to copy numerous documents, 
several of which have become historical. The Secession 
Convention employed him to engross the Virginia ordi- 
nance of secession. Mr. Flegenheimer also wrote the 
credentials of Mason and Slidell, the seizure of whom by 
a Yankee vessel almost brought on war between England 
and the United States. William Flegenheimer served a 
while in the Confederate Treasury Department. < hie of 
his daughters married Herbert T. Ezekiel, who has done 
considerable writing. A few years ago a history of the 
Jews of this city appeared in the Jewish Record. Mr 
Ezekiel, the author, gathered together a number of in- 
teresting incidents. 

At the close of the War between the States, a schism 
in the ranks of the German element took place and a new 
congregation, Beth Israel, was formed. It lasted for a 
few years and then the members returned to the parent 
fold. At the time of Beth Israel's dissolution, the fol- 
lowing gentlemen were its officers: President, Levi Hex- 



HJ* 




pL 


/ 




■ : h 


jftk B^^^^^^H 


V . 


* 





I \I'T. E. J. LEVY. 

ter; Secretary. William Flegenheimer; Treasurer, Selig- 
man Schwartz ; Trustees, Samuel Binswanger, Henry 
Wallerstein and Joseph Kirsh. 

Another Jewish element of the community, the de- 
scendant- of whom have played a big part in the life of 
Richmond, is that which formed the Keneseth Israel con- 
gregation in 1856. A large portion of its membership 
was gradually absorbed by Beth Ababa. Just as the 
Beth Shalome adherents lost their individuality, so has 
the original strength of Keneseth Israel been swallowed 
up in Beth Ababa's "melting pot." 

A fire crippled the efforts of the young organization, 
formed in 1856, and Beth Ahaba kindly offered its place 
of worship but the members of Keneseth Israel declined 



the offer. They lifted up a temporary synagogue and a 
Building Committee went to work, to arrange for the 
erection of a permanent structure. Philip Whitlock, 
whose biography appears elsewhere, was an energetic 
member of this committee. I lis brother. Herman served 
a- chairman. The other three gentlemen, through whose 
i fforts the building came into being, were: M. Kaufman, 
A. Hirshberg and Simon Lichtenstein, grandfather M 
the w riter of this hist >ry. 

On Wednesday, September 1st. 1869, the sacred edi- 
fice was dedicate! and continued as a place of divine 




\VM. FLEGENHEIMER 

worship mm! circumstances demanded a removal else- 
where. A programme, printed Ferguson and Rady, has 
been preserved and Line- the "< )rder of Service for the 
Dedication of the Synagogue of the Keneseth Israel 
Congregation on Mayo, near Broad Street." Then fol- 
low- a list of the officers: Daniel Abram. President; 
Philip Hirshberg, Vice-President; X. Greenwald, Secre- 
tary; M. Harrison. Treasurer: and 9. Henry, Isaac 
Jacob, M. Myer, Philip Whitlock, Trustees. The Build- 
ing Committee, already named, and the Committee oi 
Arrangements are also given. The minister was Rev. I.. 
lacoby. During the service. Reverend Max J. Michel- 
bacher offered a prayer and Reverend George Jacohf, oi 
Philadelphia, delivered the Consecration Sermon. 

The synagogue of Keneseth Israel today has 88 mem- 
bers. The organization possess a much changed per- 
sonnel but it retains the old 1 ks of the congregation, a 

few of which have survived the ravages of time. An 
incomplete copy of the minute- has been preserved. The 
officers are: Henry J. Colin, President; Vice-President, 
G. Bernstein; Secretary since January l c »00. Ab< I ohn; 
and Treasurer, S. Jacobson. 

One other organization must lie mentioned. This is 
the Sir Moses Montefiore Congregation, which came into 
being about twenty odd years ago. When Beth Ahaba 
moved into its magnificent new building, the orthodox 
organization secured the old edifice and are worshipping 
there at the present time. Sam Stern is the President 
and H. E. Hirshberg, Secretary, of the Sir Mom- Mon- 
tefiore ( Congregation. 

Perhaps many readers of Richmond's history would 
like to know when the old cemetery was abandoned and 
the Shockoe Mill burying-ground became the place of in- 
terment. At the formation of Beth Shalome (1791) by 
Jacob Mordecai, Joseph Darmstadt i one of the few Ger- 
man lews in Richmond prior to 1800). Samuel Alexan- 
der, Marcus Elcan, Zalma Rehine -uncle of Isaac Leeser 



10 



The Reform Advocate. 



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— , and others, the cemetery problem loomed up large. 
\. i irdingly, in < Ictober of that year, Isaiah Isaac vested 
into the hands of certain trustees a portion of his garden. 
This burying ground was placed under the supervision 
and control of Beth Shalome and used as a place of bur- 
ial until the year 1816. \lnnii that time the walls around 
ilu cemetery had gotten into a delapidated condition and 
the members of the congregation being increased, it 
was thought to lie more prudent fur Beth Shalome to 
obtain a new burying ground than to incur the expense 
or rebuilding a wall around a place which was too small 
for the enlarged membership. Therefore, at a meeting 
of the congregation held mi the 18th of February, 1816, 
the following resolution was adopted: 

Resolved, That, Messrs. Benjamin Wolfe, Mandel 
Judah, and Samuel Myers, be appointed a committee to 
investigate the records of the Common Hall, concerning 
the appropriation of some ground that was laid off for 
bur; iunds, for the different religious societies 

some time back, and that they use their endeavors to 
obtain said ground Eor this congregation." 

\t a subsequent meeting, held on the 9th of June. 

1816, Mr. Benjamin Wolfe, chairman of the committee, 

laid before those presenl tin- following ordinance: 

".In Ordinance Concerning the Hebrew Society of 

Richmond. 

Passed May 20th, 1816. 

"lie it ordained, etc.. etc., I hal one acre of land, being 
a part "!' the land belonging to the city of Richmond, and 
lying upon Shockoe Hill, as laid off and designated in a 
plol of the -aid land, made by Richard N oung, Surveyor 
of the cit\ of Richmond, be and the same is hereby vest- 
ed in the Hebrew Society of the city of Richmond, called 



in Hebrew, "Ka Kadosh Beth Shalome." in English, 
"The Congregation for the House of Peace", to be by 
them held, and exclusively used as burying ground, sub- 
ject tu their rites and laws, for that purpose, and for 
that ali me." 

The land was accepted by the congregation. It has 
been added to and contains a Soldiers' Section. Jew- 
ish patriots, who fell in the War between the States 
rest within an iron enclosure, of martial design. When 
Beth Ababa was organized, an unpleasant controversy 
arose over interments. This dispute dragged a long 
time. Despite the bitterness engendered, few of the 
present generation are aware of Beth Shalome's trial of 
suffering. The old congregation claimed that they had 
exclusive right but would allow interments on the part 
of Beth Ababa, on certain conditions. The disagreement 
was settled, in 1865, by a mutually signed document. 

Of the modern history of Richmond, so to speak, the 
Jewish citizens have played a great part in it,- commer- 
cial development. The Cohen Company and \alheimer 
Bros., are well known establishments. L. /.. Morris, Ra- 
phael Lew. Dr. Chas. A. Labenberg, Brae 1 Stern. Sol 
L Bloomberg, and others, have become intimately asso 
ciated with the life of the city. In conclusion, a few 
words concerning .Mrs. Rosalie Held must be added. 
This old lady, the mother of Isaac Held whose biography 
appears in another column, came to Richmond in 1846. 
On the 4th of July of each year, she celebrates her birth- 
day, surrounded by her children, grandchildren, great- 
grandchildren, and friends. She will reach the advanced 
age id" ninety-four on next Independence Day. May she 
round out the century with the same amount of mental 
vigor as she displays now to her admiring friend-! 



The Reform Advocate. 



11 




THE JEFFERSON < 



Ladies' Hebrew Benevolent Association. 



I lie Ladies' Hebrew Benevolenl Association lias been 
in existence since January. 1890. The first Jewish or- 
ganization of this kind w :ht into being through 
Max J. Michelbacher, father of Mrs. Sam Cohen who 
today directs with tireless energy and success the charit- 
able work of the Association. Before the advent of Rev. 
Mr. Michelbacher. charitable work had been carried on 
by societies of one sort or another, but he realized the 
necessity of drawing the Jewish women of the commu- 
nity into closer relationship. Accordingly, in 1889, the 
Ladies' Hebrew Association was formed 

The early organization served another purpose, in ad- 
dition to that of charity (which constitutes the raison 
d'etre of the Ladies' Hebrew Benevolent Association). 
At that time it was purely beneficial. The members re- 
ceived a sick benefit and were otherwise assisted until 
the outbreak of the War between the States. From 1861 
on. the funds were used exclusively for caring for the 
sick and wounded soldiers. Many a mortally wounded 
patriot offered up a fervent prayer for this noble organi- 
n .f Jewish women, who spent weary hours in min- 
istering to their comfort. 

After the close of the hostilities a reorganization took 
place, under the name of the Ladies' 1 [ebrew Bene- 
ficial Association. This second society, in addition to its 
beneficial features, added a fund for charitable purposes. 
The poor and needy were cared for. but not until 1800 
when the beneficial feature was eliminated, did the or- 
ganization proceed along broad lines. 

Mrs. Sam Cohen stated in one of her reports, which 
was read before the Council of Jewish Women: 

"Each year has it striven to broaden its usefulness, 
until today it stands forth like a giant oak affording 
shelter to the poor and needy. Nor i- it necessary t 
into minute detail, or go through the various period 
distress, which from time to time have come in our 
midst. Suffice to say that no crisis has ,- >me upon us of 
which this organization has not been able to take 
of. and we have the satisfaction of knowing that our 
poor have been cared for as well, if nol than any 

in the community. We give each year one 
hund , Instructive \ " i ^i t ii i<r Nurses \sso- 

ciation. and this enables us to provide trained nursi 
any time for our sick. We have sent numbers of tuber- 
cular cases to the National II iptives at 
Denver, also provided for many tuberculars here in Vir- 
ginia, and some have been pron (unced cured. We have 
helped to send many a traveler back I eloved fa- 



therland, or helped him to reach -one desired country 
where perhaps waited for him a beloved relative or 
friend. We have procured situations for many men and 
women, and in this manner have enabled them to make 
of themselves good and useful citizens. We have 
vide 1 for several wayward girls at the Home of the 
Good Shepherd in Baltimore, who have become g 
women, and one at St. Vincent's Hospital, in Norfolk, 
who was graduated as a trained nurse, and is doing good 
work. We have a membership of 236, of whom 208 pax- 
four dollars a year, and the remaining contributing mem- 
bers paying two dollars. Therefore, the greater amount 
of our fund necessarily comes from voluntary contribu- 
tion-. 



Council of Jewish Women. 



The Richmond Section. Council of Jewish Women, 
was organized on January 25. 1905, after an address de- 
livered in Temple Beth Ahabah by Miss Goldberg of 
Texas. There were forty-one charter members. At the 
initial election of officers Mrs. Edward X. Calisch was 
chosen President : Miss Florence Thalheimer, Vice-Presi- 
dent : Miss Kate Binswanger. Secretary : and Mrs. Julius 
Edel, Treasurer. A Bible Class, under the leadership of 
Rev. Dr. 'Edward X. Calisch, represented the first activ- 
ity of the new organization. 

The second year saw a steady increase in the member- 
ship, the total reaching; one hundred and three. During 
the early part of 1906, the Religious School of the Coun- 
cil wa- organized under the auspices of the Philanthropic 
nittei \ night school and Sewing Class were also 
tor. ned. Mr-. Morris H. Asher, a daughter of the late 
Max J. Michelbacher. successfully labored to bring their 
before the public. On account of the public 
ols taking a large part of the children of the Night 
School, it was discontinued but the Sewing Class -til' 
i mtinues to hold its sessions in the Xeighborhood Home 
on e iday afti 

Richmond Section now numbers one hundred and 
eighty members. Th< are: Honorary President, 

Mrs. Dr. Edward X. Calisch. I' Mr-. E. A. Fze- 

kiel biography appears elsewhere': Vice-Presi- 

dent, Mr-. II. S. Binswanger; Recordii tary, 

Miss Rebecca Whitlock, daughter of Philip Whitlock; 
responding Secretary. Mrs. J. H. Joi Miss 

Hortense Boi Treasurer, Mrs. Julius I 

whose interest in various activities deserve- special men- 
tion : Auditor. Miss Kate Binswanger. ami. cx-Presdinet, 
Mrs. S. Galeski. 



12 



The Reform Advocate. 



The Religious School. 



Junior Council. 



A pet work of the Council of Jewish Women is the 
Religious School, established as indicated above under 
the auspices of the Philanthropic Committee. Miss 
Florence Thalheimer organized the school with seventy- 
five pupils and ten teachers. The enrollment this year 
has reached the admirable total of three hundred chil- 
dren and twenty-seven teachers. Excellent results have 
been gained. 

The Religious School meets every Sunday morning in 
the basement of Sir Moses Montefiore Synagogue. This 
edifice was the former home of Beth Ahaba. Miss Sara 
Bottigheimer has occupied the position of Superinten- 
dent for the past three years and takes a great interest 
in her work. A library was started with twenty-five 
books but the school now boasts of seven hundred vol- 
umes. 

Two years ago the first Con'firmation Service, in the 
history of the Orthodox Jews of Richmond, took place. 
Two entertainments are given a year, on Purim and on 
Chanukah. At the closing exercises of each term, prizes 
are awarded. The annual picnic is an enjoyable feature 



The Neighborhood Council. 



The Council of Jewish Women has long realized the 
necessity of a Neighborhood Home for the purpose of 
improving conditions in the congested district of the city. 
Since 1906, the Richmond Section has succeeded in get- 
ting a large proportion of the children to attend their 
religious school but through this means only a part of 
the desired result could be accomplished. During 1912, 
matters were brought to a head and a Home was estab- 
lished at the corner of 19th and Broad. Mrs. H. S. 
Binswanger, a daughter of the late Herman Whitlock, 
was the able chairman of the energetic' committee. 

At the formal opening of the building, special exercises 
were held. Miss Seldner of Buffalo, who assumed 
charge of the Neighborhood Home, has plunged into her 
work with enthusiasm. Every Sunday afternoon chil- 
dren gather and amuse themselves with music and game. 
Members of the Council have volunteered to teach music 
and dancing. On Wednesday evenings a Sewing Class 
is held for the adults, while the young folks indulge in 
dancing. On Saturday afternoons the mothers are en- 
couraged to come and spend a pleasant hour. By enter- 
taining them, the Richmond Section of the Council hopes 
to keep boys and girls off the street. 



A Junior Section, of the Council, has done commend- 
able work. This organization furnishes a great part of 
the teaching staff of the Religious School, brought into 
being by the Senior Section. The Junior Section re- 
cently sent money to the relief of their co-religionist> in 
the Balkans. Its members have made appropriations for 
a number of worthy causes. During the past Fall, a del- 
egation of Richmonders went to Norfolk, Virginia, and 
organized there a Junior Section. Irving May is Presi- 
dent and Rov Eichel, Secretary. 



Hebrew Home for the Aged and Infirm. 



The idea of establishing a home for aged and infirm 
Jews originated with Henry Hutzler, who received little 
encouragement for a long time; but, in 1888, his determ- 
ination was rewarded. About one hundred signed a call 
for organization in May of that year and, on September 
30th, the Home for the Aged and Infirm came into ex- 
istence. Henry S. Hutzler was elected President: E. Z. 
Morris, Vice-President, and Charles Hutzler, Secretary- 
Treasurer. Despite repeated predictions of failure every 
obstacle was removed. From a small fund of less than 
a thousand dollars, in January. 1890, thousands upon 
thousands have been collected since for the support of 
aged persons. 



I. O. B. B. 



The Independent ( )rder of B'nai B'rith is represented 
in Richmond by Rimmon Lodge No. 68, with a member- 
ship of about one hundred and sixty. Great interest is 
being manifested at the present time and a campaign for 
increased numbers is being waged. Rimmon Lodge is 
represented on the executive committee of the Constitu- 
tion Grand Lodge by Dr. Edward M. Calisch as repre- 
sentative from District Grand Lodge No. 5, and on the 
general committee of the District Grand Lodge by Mr. 
Edwin L. Levy. 

The officers of Rimmon Lodge for the present year 
are: President, Harold S. Bloomberg; Vice-President, 
Samuel S. Rosendorf ; Assistant Monitor, M. L. Hof- 
heimer ; Monitor. Albert Schwartz: Secretary, Morton 
G. Thalhimer; Treasurer, Joseph L. Levy; Warden, J. 
Leo Levy ; Guardian, Alvin B. Hutzler. 




CAPITOL BUILDIXG. 



The Reform Advocate. 



13 



EDWARD N. CALISCH, PH. D. 



Dr. Edward N. Calisch, Rabbi of Beth \hahah 
gregation, has been spiritual head of the leading Jewish 
house of worship for more than twent; one fears. Ik- 
came to Richmond from Peoria, as a successor to Dr. 
A. Harris. His stay has continued through repeated 
elections and he has become so closel) identified with the 
life of the community, that his departure would not only 
be a distinct loss, but would leave a vacancy that would 
be very hard to fill. 

He was born at Toledo. Ohio, in June, 1865. While 
the Hebrew Union College was young ami on trial, as it 
were, he entered the institution. His matriculation took 
place in 1879, several years before the first graduates 



gational singing resulted in a volunteer choir, which now 
take- a permanent place among other organizations, con- 
netced with the house of worship. Dr. Calisch has de- 
clined calls to other communities. 

He attended the i u\ of Virginia, at Charlottes- 

ville, for three days a week, without interfering seriously 
with his Rabbinical duties, and received in the due course 
of time, both the much desired degrees of Master of Arts 
and Doctor of Philosophy. He ha- participated in many 
notable occasions, lie delivered the prayer at Mount 
Vernon on the centennial of the death of Washington 
ami has opened with prayer the House of Representa- 
tives, at Washington. 

Dr. Edward X. Calisch is a memher of the Executive 
Committee. I. O. 1'.. I'..: Vice-President of the Alumnal 
Association of the Hebrew Union College; member of 




DR. EDWARD NT. CALISCH. 



left the school. He received both the degree of B. L. 
and the title of Rabbi, in 1887. His seculiar education, 
leading to the above degree, was obtained at the Univer- 
sity of Cincinnati. It may be worthy of remark that he 
was the sole graduate, in 1887, at the Hebrew Union Col- 
lege. 

Dr. Calisch married Miss Gisela Woolner, in 18 f )0. and 
has three children, Harold, Woolner, and Edward X.. 
the second. After his arrival in Richmond, he labored 
successfully to bring the various activities of the con- 
gregation up to a high standard. As an orator, he im- 
mediately obtained great favor and fame. A great deal 
of his time was spent in Circuit preaching, of which 
movement he was the originator. 

He worked energetically for the magnificent new 
Temple on West Franklin, one of the points of interest 
shown to visitors. His labors in the interest of congre- 



the Executive Committee of the Central Conference of 
American Rabbis; 2nd Vice-President of the Society for 
the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals ; Trustee for the 
Jewish Orphans' Home, at Atlanta: Xational Jewish 
Hospital, Denver: on Faculty of Correspondence School 
of Jewish Chautauqua Society; Phi Beta Kappa and the 
Raven Society U. of V. 

His literary activity deserves individual mention. He 
has written a "Child's Bible;" "Prayer and Hymn 
Books." used for many years by Beth Ahabah: and is 
the author of "The Jew in English Literature," a work 
of much merit. This last named publication has re- 
ceived a number of flattering criticisms. He is the 
strong, capable leader that make not only Richmond 
Jews, but the entire Jewish South proud of him known 
by Jew and Gentile alike, and loved by all who come in 
contact with him. 



14 



The Reform Advocate. 



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The Reform Advocate. 



15 




CHARLES HUTZLER. 

Charles Hutzler, President of Beth Ahabah congn 
tion, was born in Richmond October 26, 1849. He was 
educated in a parochial school, conducted by the Rev. 
M. J. Michelbacher, but the knowledge gained at this 
time was merely the foundation for his extensive store 
of information. Since leaving school, Mr. Hutzler has 
devoted a multitude of hours towards wide reading and 
study. Today he is one of the most scholarly citizens 
of Richmond, despite the fact that man;, years were 
spent as head of a mercantile concern. 

lie married Miss Jeanette Millhiser, in 1875, am! has 
one Mm. Alvin. From 1865 t" 1877, he served as teacher 
and thru as assistant superintendent of the Beth Ahabah 
Sabbath School. In 1898, he was elected I i the \ io 
Presidency of the congregation and continued to hold 
this office until elevated to the highest position therein. 

Mr. 1 lutzler attends services regularly. Mis firm, 
A. Hutzler's Sons, always closed it- doors on Saturday. 
It prospered nevertheless. Today Charles Hutzler is 
President of the Central National Bank, lie patiently 
studied Hebrew grammar and can read the 'Holy I .an 
guage' with pleasure. His Jewishness may well be imi- 
tated by his co-religionists. 

He was one of the organizers of the Jefferson Lite- 
rary Association, which became the Jefferson Literary 
and Social Circle, but withdrew when it merged with 
the Mercantile Club, on account of tin- change of ob- 
jects of the new association. He has delivered lectures 
on literary and religious topics: three of which may be 
named: "The Study of Othello," "Religious Leaders." 
and "The Jews of Germany and Anti-Semitism." 

Charles I lutzler was secretary for twelve years of 
Rimmon Lodge. I. < ). B. I'... and the first secretary tn 
urer of the Hebrew Home for tin- Aged and Infirm. Ik- 
was a member of the School B 'aid, of the City of Rich- 
mond, for sixteen years and its Chairman for six years. 
When the magnificent High School was built a few years 
ago, the members of the Hoard used to 'ask Hutzler' 
for all information connected therewith. I lis heart was 
in the task of giving Richmond one of the largest and 
best appointed High Schools in the United States and 
he succeeded. The John Marshall High School should 
be visited by all tourists. 

Mr. Hutzler has for a number of years been President 
of the Prison Association of Virginia, which is doing 
good work in the reformation of criminals. He occu- 



pies a place in the din of the American Window 

Corporation; is a director of the Public Playgrounds 
Association; has been on the Board of the Rosemary Li- 
brary; is a member of the Jefferson Club; has done 

charitable ami other worthy work. 



PHILIP \\ HITD iCK. 
lip Whitlock was born on the 14 of March, 1838. 
He came to Richmond in 1854, ami. from the unenviable 
condition of stranger, he worked his way up t<> the pi 
position of one of Richmond's well known citizen-. At 
present, he is a capitalist, but was for a number of years 
engaged in the manufacture of cigars, lie maintains an 
office with Emanuel Raab, in the Mutual Building. 

In 1863, he married Miss Eva Abraras and has the 
following children : Miss Rebecca S., Mrs. Moses Zan- 
der, Mrs. Alfred Newman, Mrs. Aaron Greenwald, Mrs. 
Sadie Block, Mrs. Julius VV. Klaus, and Lee \. Whit- 
lock. lie is Vice-President of Beth Aahbah, Last Presi- 
dent of two lodges, 1. ( I. B. I!.. Last High Priest, Royal 

\rch. .i and 32; he has been a director of thi \ irginia 
I lospital. 

Mr. Whitlock originated the widely known ( »ld \ ir- 
ginia ( heroot. This article is now advertized and sold 
by the present owners in evei n ol and corner of the 
land. Many years ag unders of the American 

tobacco Company saw the worth of this special brand 
and made the manufacturer a flattering offer, which he 
accepted. For a while. Phillip Whitlock was ;i director 
of the American Cigar Company. Me is one of Rich- 
mond's most generous ctizens, 




M\RX GUN ST. 



Photo by "Foster." 



Marx Gunst was born in Philadelphia, June 24, 1856, 
but moved to Richmond at the early age of three months. 
His life has always been ted with the State of 

his adoption and t" all intents and purposes he may be 
called a Virginian. After spending a few years in 
school, he entered mercantile pursuits. At present, he is 
manager for Muhhs and Con Co., in the City of 

Richmond and the State of Virginia. 

Me married Miss Emma Kronheimer in 1879, and has 
three children: Albert. Sidney, and Mi<s Klarice. For 
twenty-eight years, he served as teacher and Asst. Su- 
perintendent of the Beth Ahabah School; he is a mem- 
ber of the Board of Managers of the Congregation; a 
chapter Mason: a member of the I. O. O. I!.: Royal 



16 



The Reform Advocate. 



Arcanum: on the- Board of the Mechanics' Infinite for 
eighteen years; and one of the organizers of the Rich- 
mond Junior Literary Association, which afterwards 
merged \\ ith the Jeffei 

Marx Gunsl enjoys the distinction of being the only 
Jew elected to the upper branch of the City Council. 
roster of the lower branch contains several Jewish 
names but hi> stands alone in the list of Aldermen. His 
entry into municipal affairs occurred in 1894, when he 
was elected a member of the lower branch. In this 
body he served for eight years. Since his elevation to 
the Board of Aldermen, he has been Vice-President for 
irears. He was President of the Hoard for a short term 
and acted, during this period, as Mayor of the City. 
Both branches honored him with the chairmanship of 
of the mosl important committees. 




S. L. BLOOMBERG. 



Photo by "Foster." 



During the long public life of Sol L. Bloomberg few 
Jews of this city enjoyed more honors than those show- 
ered upon him. A few years ago, after a law practice 
of a quarter of a century, he withdrew from the lime- 
light and now leads the peaceful life of retirement. He 
was born in Yorkville, South Carolina, July 29, 1858, 
but came to Richmond with his parents in 1861. Mr. 
Bloomberg read law under Major John Johns, Jr., one 
of the city's most learned attorneys, completing his legal 
education at the Summer Law School of the University 
of Virginia. He was admitted to the bar in July 1879, 
entering at once active practice in conjunction with his 
preceptor under the firm name of Jones & Bloomberg, 
which continued to the death of the former, when he 
practised alone until the admission to the bar of his son. 
He married Miss Alice Ezekiel in 1880. Since the un- 
timely death of his wife his children are his chief plea- 
sure. They are: Harold S. (a sketch of whom appears 
elsewhere), Mrs. Alfred B. Lichtenstein, Mrs. Edwin X. 
Ezekiel, Clarence, \lma and Louis. 

A deep interest in public affairs caused him to enter 
politics with enthusiasm. He served for a number of 

ears as \ ice-Chairman of the City Democratic Com- 
ic; beginning with 1894, he served continuously for 
ar in tin Common Council, his five terms being 



marked by such energy as to win for him the high 
esteem of his colleagues. At the 1902 election, he led 
his ticket and upon the organization of the body received 
the unanimous vote of the members for the Presidency 
of the Common Council. Those who knew him well 
realized his courage in defending opinions, whether on 
the side of the majority or on the side of the minority. 

In 1904 he declined to stand for re-election to the 
body. Before enumerating the organizations with which 
lie has been affiliated, mention must be made of his ser- 
vice as President of the Board of Public Interests and 
as a member of the Board of Commissioners of the Sink- 
ing Fund. Sol L. Bloomberg took an active part in 
many organizations and his associates expressed their 
appreciation by repeatedly honoring him. He was at the 
head of nearly every one. at some time during his serv- 
ice. He is an ex-President of the Jefferson Literary 
and Social Circle ; was Treasurer of the Jefferson Club ; 
Past Master of Fraternal Lodge No. 53, A. F. and A. 
M. : Past High Priest of Richmond Royal Arch Chapter 
Xo. 3, and Temple Royal Arch Chapter Xo. 32, and Past 
Grand High Priest of the Grand Chapter of Royal Arch 
Masons of Virginia ; Past President of Paradise Lodge 
No. 223, I. O. B. B. ; Past Chancellor of Jefferson Lodge 
No. 23, Knights of Pythias, and Past Grand Regent of 
the Grand Council Royal Arcanum of Virginia, having 
been for four years the representative of his State in the 
Supreme Council of that order; to these will be added 
his connection with the Red Men and Odd Fellows. In 
June 1896 he was elected a member of the Board of 
Managers of the Congregation Beth Ahabah and since 
1909 has been its Treasurer. 

Five handsome gold jewels attest the appreciation of 
his fraternal association. Upon retirement from the 
Common Council, Mr. Bloomberg was presented with 
an engrossed copy of the following resolutions, express- 
ing the esteem of the members: 

"At a meeting of the Common Council of Richmond, 
Va., held August 5, 1904, the following resolutions were 
unanimously adopted : 

"Be it RESOLVED by the Common Council of the 
City of Richmond that the thanks of the members of 
this body be and are hereby extended to 

IK IN. SOL L. BLOOMBERG. PRESIDEXT, 
for the uniform courteous and polite consideration 
shown them while acting in his capacity as presiding offi- 
cer during the term of this Council, for his fair and im- 
partial rulings, and his respectful and conscientious de- 
cisions of questions at issue. 

"Be it RESOLVFD further that this body expresses 
its regret at his retirement from active sendee as a mem- 
ber of the Council and hereby records its apperciation 
of his long and faithful service to the city. 

Ben T. August, 

City Clerk." 



HAROLD S. BLOOMBERG. 

Harold S. Bloomberg, son of Sol L. and the late Alice 
E. Blomberg. was born in the city of Richmond thirty- 
one years ago ; was educated in the public schools and 
graduated from the Richmond High School in 1897, win- 
ning the faculty scholarship to Richmond College : at- 
tended academic and law schools of the latter institu- 
tion, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Law in the class 
of 1900, and winning the Edward Thompson Company 
prize, valued at $250.00 for the best thesis submitted in 
a contest open to students of the law school. 

Mr. Bloomberg began the practice of law in 1901. at 
the age of twenty years, under the provisions of a spe- 



The Reform Advocate. 



17 



cial act of the Legislature of Virginia. 1 le 
member of the firm of Bloomberg & I [utzler, his part- 
ner being Alvin B. Ilutzler (son of Charles lltr 
whose biography appears else ' heri nd i 




II \ROI.D S. 



Photo by "Foster." 

I'J.OOMBERG. 



ney for the Virginia Railway & Power Company and as- 
sistant counsel for the Richmond Society for the Pre- 
vention of Cruelty to Animals. Mr. Bloomberg is Pre- 
sident of Rimmon Lodge. No. 68, 1. O. B. B. In 1909 
he married Miss Clara II. Kahn, formerly of Harris- 
burg. Pa. 




Photo by "Foster." 

MILTON E. MARCUSE. 

Milton E. Marcuse was born in Richmond, August 27. 
1869. His parents removed six months later to Cali- 
fornia, where his early life was spent. However, he re- 
turned East in 1882 and attended the Richmond High 



School, from which he aduation. 

In 18X9. he became connected with the Hasker-Marcuse 
Company, which concern assumed such formidable | 
portions that it was absorbed by the American Can Com- 
pany. 

lie inarm. 1 Miss Rosa May. in 1894. Mr. Mar 
now holds an important i 

Pulp and I'. 1 le has 

of the I and Social 

Circl ,.:i i odge, CO. B. I'.. ; and the I 

Club: a master Mason; and king emple chapter, 

Royal Arch Masons, lb irector of several 

organization-: Chamber of ( om >ad Street 

Bank. Hebrew Home for the Aged and Infirm, Pri 

on of Virginia. Virginia State Penitentiary, 
Retreat for the Sick. Spring Street Home, Jewish Or- 
phans' Home, Atlanta, and the Beth Ahabali congrega- 
tion. Under the administrations of Andrew Jackson 
Montague and Claude \. Swanson, Governors of Vir- 
ginia, he was President of the State Board of Pardons. 




HENRY E. HUTZLER. 
S 
Henry B. Hutzler is one of the most popular citizens 

of Richmond. He has done a great deal of charity in a 
quiet way and deserves to have a conspicuous record 
made of his kindness to the poor of the city. He was 
born in Petersburg, \ irginia, on the 25 of September, 
1857. His education in the public and private schools 
of Richmond being shortened, so that he could begin a 
business career, he entered upon the -urn duties of life 
as a stock boy, at the sum of one dollar and twenty-five 
cents a week. Today he heads the banking busines 
I lenry S. Hutzler & Co. 

He has never married and compensates for lack of 
children of his own, by taking great interest in orphans. 
Henry S. Hutzler has been for years connected with 
numerous organizations some of which follow: a mem- 
ber of the Board and Secretary of the Beth Ahabah con- 
gregation : Past Grand President 1. O. B. P... District 
Xo. 5 : member for Virginia of American Jewish Com- 
mittee : founder and President of the Richmond Hebrew 
Home for the \e;ed and Infirm; member of Fraternal 
ye No. 53, A. P. & \. M.; on the Board of the 
Masonic Home of Virginia; on the Board of the Home 
for Wayward Girls of Virginia; a member of the Rich- 
mond Education Association: Virginia Association of 
Charities and Corrections; Vssociated Charities of Rich- 
mond: on the Board of the Sheltering Arms' Hospital; 
Richmond Male Orphan Asylum : Virginia Mechanics' 
Institute: Association for the Preservation of Virginia 
Antiquities: and Treasurer of the Foundling Asylum. 



18 



The Reform Advocate. 



Broad Street Bank 

Richmond, Va. 

State and City Depository 
Capital - - $200,000 

Undivided Profits (Earned) 
Over $120,000 



N. VV. riartin J. H. Martin 

Phone, nonroe 140!t 



N.W. Martin & Bro., 

Slate, Tile and Slag Roofing 

and Sheet Metal Workers 
REPAIR WORK SOLICITED 

No. 124 South Eighth Street, RICHMOMD, VA. 



"A satisfied customer is the best 
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satisfactory work for the follow- 
ing prominent citizens of Rich- 
mond: 



MR. LEON WALLERSTEIN 
MR. E. H. CUNST 
MR. L. Z. MORRIS 
MR. H. 9. BINSWANGER 



MR. S. W. FLEISHMAN 
MR. G MILLHISER 
MR ISAAC COHEN 
THE JEFFERSON CLUB 



THE W. B. CATLETT ELECTRIC CO. 

RICHMOND, VA. 

Electrical Contractors 

The Largest Display of Lighting Fixtures in the South. 



Pemberton & Benson 

Plumbing and Heating 
Contractors 

211 N. Third Street 



Phone Madison 1340 



RICHMOND, Va. 



Personal Security and Service 

Is our aim in rendering YOU that help and information 
which our bOND DEPARTMENT is in a position to give 
our customers Whethtr the amount you have at your 
disposal is large or small, we would be pleased to give you 
our attention and advice in placing it. Among a number ot 
well secuied investments on hand we can help you find 
what is best suited to YOUR INDIVIDUAL needs. 

The American National Bank 

of Richmond, Virginia, 

in every department seeks for YOU this per- 
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A. C. Houston 



J. T. Houston 



A. C. Houston & Son 



Builders 



Phone Madison 5189 



918 E. Main Street 



Richmond, Va. 



A. M. Walkup 

CONTRACTOR 

Richmond, Va. 



J. A. Umlauf 

Manufacturer of 

Hand and Power 

ELEVATORS 

9 South Fifteenth Street 

Richmond, Va. 



The Reform Advocate. 



19 



A glance at the list, already given, shows the variety 
of organizations with which Henry S. Hutzler ha 
come affiliated. They represent all classes of denomina- 
tions of Virginians, but the list has by no means been 
completed; he holds life memberships in the following 
three: Home for Incurables, Polici Bi - >lent Associa- 
tion, and Firemen's Relief Association; a I'.oard mem- 
ber of the Orphans' Home, at Atlanta: National Jewish 
Hospital for Consumptives, of Denver; National Farm 
School; National Jewish Immigrant Society: and Jewish 
Publication Society of America. He i- a member of the 
Jefferson Club, the Business Men's Club, the Chamber 
of Commerce, the American I '.ankers' Association and 
the Virginia Bankers' Association. And still he finds 
time to aid the cause of music by holding membership 
in the Richmond Philanthropic Society. 




DR. ERNEST C. LEVY. 

Dr. Ernest C. Levy, at the present time Chief Health 
Officer in the Richmond Health Department, was edu- 
cated in the public schools of the city, the Medical 
College of Virginia, the College of physicians and Sur- 
geons at New York, and the Massachusetts Institute of 
Technology. He is a native of Richmond, one of whom 
the city can point to pride. Born August 11, 
1868, his life has been spent in a succession of busy 
years. During 1912, he married Miss Elizabeth Det- 
wiler. 

Dr. Levy served as professor of Histology, Pathology, 
and Bacteriology, at the Medical College of Virginia, 
1897-1900; director of laboratory, at the City Water De- 
partment, Richmond 1904-6: city bacteriologist, 1905-6; 
and has been chief health officer of the Health Depart- 
ment since 1909. While serving as professor, he also 
edited the Medical Register. During 1902, he was house 
physician at Mount Sinai Hospital. Xew York City. 

He occupies the position of Secretary of that Section 
of the American Public Health Mini- 

ated Municipal II a member of the 

Society of Bacteriolog) : of the American Medical 
sociation, and the Virginia Medical Society. In 1900, 
he was president of the Richmond Academy of Medi- 
cine and Surgery. 

Dr. Lew's life has b led with varied work 

that a sketch falls short of doing him justice. Through 



his efforts largely, tin American Public Health Associ- 
ation held its ns in Richmond, a few years ago. 
Man ere present from Latin America. His 
efforts in improving the health conditions of the Capital 
of Virginia reserve special mention. 




ISAAC HELD. 

Isaac Held, Deputy Treasurer of the City of Rich- 
mond (which position he has held despite major changes 
in the office, was born in Richmond on October 20, 1854. 
He was engaged for a while in mercantile pursuits. He 
married Miss Mary Bachrach, in 1878, and has a num- 
ber of children, and grandchildren. 

Mr. Held served on the Board of Managers of Beth 
Ahabah congregation for several years, was quite a while 
chairman of the music committee, and is now Financial 
Secretary. Of the Jewish organizations with which he 
is connected, it may be mentioned that for many years 
he has held the office of Secretary of the Jefferson Club 
and that of Secretary-Treasurer of the Hebrew Home 
for the Aged and Infirm. 

He is clerk of Magnolia Camp. Woodman of the. 
World: a member of the Heptasophs; lien Hur ; Bank- 
ets Union; Royal Arcanum; Fraternity Lodge F. A. W., 
etc. Mr. Held is always ready to help those who come 
to him for information and has earned the enviable re- 
putation of being a courteous and accommodating gen- 
tleman. 



H. S. IUXSWANGER. 



Mr. Binswanger was born in Richmond, May 29, 
1866. After attending the public schools of the city, he 
entered business life and now occupies the position of 
President of the large and well known concern. Bins- 
wanger S my, Inc. This firm h -. both at 
Richmond and at Memphis, and handle id build- 
ing suppli 

S. Binswanger married in 1893, Mis- Rebecca W. 
Whitlock, and ha Samuel I-'... and Leah 

W. Mo i- on ill' Board of Directors, of the Chamber 
of ( .-President of the J Club; a 

member of the Business Men n, and a 

member of the I. O. B. P.. 



20 



The Reform Advocate. 



.MRS. E. A. EZEKIEL. 

Mrs. Ezekie] (nee .Martha Lev) i was born in Rich- 
mond and received her education at the Baptist Female 
Institute, now called the women's < ollege, of Richmond. 
She graduated in 1874 and won a medal for essay 
writing. Another honor, which may be mentioned in 
this connection, was the winning of a prize from the 
Philadelphia Y. M. II. A., for an essay. I ler mental equip- 
ment needs no further comment than to mention the fact 
of her being a member of the Lev) family. She is a 
sister of Dr. Ernest C. Levy, and there fun-, a niece of 
Dr. Henry II. Levy. 

She married Edward A. Ezekiel, in 1880, and has four 
children: Alis- Helen, Percy, Dr. Gerald, and Edwin. 
i number of years, Mrs. Ezekiel has been President 
of the Richmond Section, Council of Jewish Women; 
>he is Treasurer of the Ladies' Hebrew Memorial Asso- 
ciation: she holds membership in the Benevolent Socie- 
ty and Ladies' Auxiliary. Society for the Preservation 
of Virginia Antiquities, the Peace League, ond the Pro- 
sive Literary Association (of which she was a char- 
ter member. ) She has recently become an Anti-Suffra- 
gist. At the end of her second term as President of the 
Council of Jewish Women, Mrs. Ezekiel was presented 
with a testimonial of the high esteeai in which she was 
regarded by her fellow workers for the cause of Ju- 
daism. 




MRS. SAM COHEN. 

Mrs. Sam Cohen (nee Zipporah Michelbacher) was 
born in Richmond and is the oldest daughter of the late 
Rev. M. J. Michelbacher, who guided the Beth Ahabah 
congregation through many trying years. She married 
in 1875 and has three sons: Leroy E., Max J., and 
James Beale. Her husband, Sam Cohen, is a member 
of the Cohen Company, one of the largest department 
stores of the city. 

She was educated at her father's school and also at 
Powell's Female Seminary. She has a great deal of en- 
ergy and her efforts in the community have helped won- 
derfully. She directs charitable enterprises and assists 
in laudable objects generally. Mrs. Cohen is President of 



the Ladies' Hebrew Benevolent Association; 1st Vice- 
President of the Beth Ahabah Auxiliary; Chairman, He- 
brew Home for Aged and Infirm; Treasurer. Eye, Ear 
and Throat Infirmary; 1st Vice-President, Instructive 
Visiting Nurses Association; member of Daughters of 
the Confederacy; Richmond Kindergarten Association; 
member, Hospital Board; Richmond Education Associa- 
tion; and Chairman of the Immigration Committee, 
i iouncil of lewish Women. 



MRS. JULIUS EDEL. 

Mrs. Julius Edel i nee Miss Delia Myers : W as born at 
I lot Springs. Virginia. She is a sister to the late Her- 
man Myers. Mayor of Savanah who was very highly 
thought of in Georgia. She received her education 
both at Lynchburg and Savanah High Schools. After 
graduation, she studied music and German at the New 
York Conservatory of Music. 

She was married at Lynchburg, in 1883, and has three 
children; Miss Elfreda, Albert, and Herman. She has 
done a great deal for the Jewish community of Rich- 
mond, along many lines. She is treasurer, of the local 
section, Council of Jewish Women ; she helped inaugurate 
settlement work in the city ; she takes the time to find 
out the weak links in the Jewish social organization 
and then directs her efforts to remedy conditions. Mrs. 
Edel is a member of the Daughters of the Confederacv. 



HENRY II. LEVY M.D. 



Dr. Henry II. Levy is an uncle of Dr. Ernest C. Levy. 
He was born on the 24 of December, 1850, and re- 
ceived his early education at the private school of E. W. 
Cone. He attended Richmond College and graduated 
in 1869. as Bachelor of Arts. Entering the Medical 
College of Virginia, located in his native city, Richmond, 
he graduated in 1871, receiving the faculty prize. After 
serving fifteen months in the Philadelphia Hospital, he 
returned to Richmond and began the practice of medi- 
cine. Dr. Levy has been a practictioner since February, 
1873. and his reputation among the members of all 
denominations has marked him as an exceptionally well 
liked gentleman. 

He married Miss Gertrude Hahn of Philadelphia, 
March 1, 1888, and has two children, Theodore J., 
and Clare M. He has found time, amid the exacting 
duties of an extensive practise, to keep in touch with a 
multitude of topics. He is Emeritus Professor of 
Practice of Medicine, Medical College of Virginia ; was 
professor of Physiology for twelve years and Neurology 
for five years. Dr. Levy held the presidency of the 
Richmond Academy of Medicine and Surgery, in 1881. 
He still retains membership in this body and is a member 
of both of the Medical Society of Virginia and the 
American Medical Association. 



LEON M. NELSON. 

Leon M. Nelson was born in Richmond. 1876. After 
a course in the local public schools, he went to Cincin- 
nati and entered the Hebrew U/nion College and Hughes 
High School. During his graduating year at the latter 
institution, he won the oratorical medal. After leaving 
Hughes High School, he matriculated at the University 
of Cincinnati and graduated therefrom in 1898. At the 
same time he received the title of Rabbi from the He- 
brew Union College. 

He married, in 1900, Henrietta Adler, of Cincinnati, 
and has two children ; Nathan Henry and Leon M. Nel- 
son, the second. For a number of vears he was Rabbi 



The Reform Advocate. 



21 



of Temple tsrael, Brooklyn (the pulpit now occupied by 
the Rev. Dr. Nathan Krass), but gave up th< trial 

calling for the profession of law. He attended 
Columbia University and the University of Virginia. 
On his return to Richmond, he became associated with 
his brother in the firm of Nelson son. 




LEON M. NELSON. Photo by "Foster." 

Among the organizations with which he is connected 
may be mentioned: Phi Delta Phi Fraternity; Jefferson 
Club, of which he is a Director; the Hebrew Cemetery 
Company, in which he holds the position of Trustee, and 
the Vice-Presidency of the Country Club of Richmond. 




DR. MARK W. PEYSER. 

Dr. Mark W. Peyser, Secretary of the Richmond 
Academy of Medicine and Surgery for nineteen con- 
secutive terms, is a native of Washington, D. C. He 
was born July 8, 1870. He received his education in 
the High School of Petersburg. Virginia, and the Uni- 
versity of Virginia, where he studied medicine. He was 
married in 1897 to Miss Eva Pee Ezekiel. 

After graduating from the University, in 1890, he 
received the appointment of resident physician, at the 
Retreat for the Sick, in Richmond. He served here for 
twelve months. He lectured for seven years in the 
University College of Medicine. Dr. Peyser is Trea- 
surer of the Medical Society of Virginia; physician, 
Hebrew Home for Vged and Infirm: Examiner, Nat- 
ional Hospital for Consumptives; etc. 

He has contributed to medical journals; was for a 
time Associate Editor of the Virginia Medical Senii- 
Monthly; and has tp his credit a work entitled "Manual 
of Physic- of PKt£2$2ty." Dr. Peyser is very popular 

with the members of his profession. No better pi 

can be ound than his continued election to the difficult 
position of Secretary of the Richmond Academy of Med- 
icine and Surgery. His manner is magnetic and exi 
tionallv mild. 




EMANUEL RAAB. Photo by " F o s '"-" 

Emanuel Raab was born at Hanover, Penn., on the 
13 of February. 1845. He received a public school edu- 
cation, in Baltimore. He married Miss Rosa B 
Strause. in 1878, and has four children: Genevieve CU11- 
man), Emily (Hammel), Merrill ]•'... and Henry S. He 
came to Richmond during April. 1884. Mr. Raab was 
engaged for many years in the Leaf Tobacco business 
but has retired. 1 towever, his varied interests require 
him to maintain an office. 

He was a mason and a member of the R yal Arch; 
on the Ce Board; a member of the Beth Ahabah 

Board: Trustee for the Ladies' Hebrew Benevolent So- 
ciety; on the Board of the Jefferson Hotel: Trustee for 
the Home for Needy Confederate \\ omen : on the Board 
of the Retreat for the Sick, and other organizations. 




Photo by "Foster." 



UJBREY II. STB \ 

Aubrey II. Straus, City Bacteriologist, was born in 
Richmond, during the year 1887. Although a young 
man, he has already begun to make a place for himself 



22 



The Reform Advocate. 



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H. L. Driscoll 

General 
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729 East Main Street RICHMOND, Va. 



The Reform Advocate. 



23 



in the educational life of the i ity. Aftei 

from Richmond College in 1907, a.' a Bacheloi 

ence . he spenl two -i in 

Massachusetts Institute of I i |„ 19] ; 

married Miss \\ il na Marx, of I • 

son, Clifford Allen. 

He is an Associate Member of the Ri< h 
my of Medicine ami Surgery : ,. 

logy at the University College of Medicine; In- 
structor in Hygiene at the Medical < Virginia; 
and. a member of American Public Health Association. 
Aubrey IT. Straus is a nephew of Dr. Ernesl C. Li 
and Mrs. E. A. Ezekiel. 



LEON WALLERSTEIN. 
Leon Wallerstein was born in Richmond, in 1854. For 

n an interest in civic affairs generally. 

\lthough actively en. a business man, he finds 

time to atteni ngs and give his view-. lie was 

married 1,, 1889, to Mi-. Sadie Wechsler, of New York 

has the I ren: Robert I... Clemence M.. 

Marion, Ethel Sadie, and Leon, Jr. 

He is a Di f Commerce: a 

•edit Men's \-sociation, and 

now on th - Board. His business is wholesale 

Dr) ■ md Motions. Mr. Wallerstein has served 

President of the Jefferson Club, the leading social 

Jewish organization of the citv. 



IN MEMORIAM. 




MRS. S< )L L. I'd.i )( iMBERi i 

Mrs. Alice Ezekiel Bloomberg was born October 4, 
1860. She spent her life in her native city and so en- 
deared herself to its inhabitants that there was universal 
mourning when she was taken away suddenly from fam- 
ily and friend-, on \pril "th. 1907. Funeral service- 
were held in Beth Ahaba, an unusual circumstance, and 
the Temple was crowded. \n immense cortege accom- 
panied the deceased to the cemetery. Not only had she 
mothered a large family, but she also had found time to 

mfort the unfortunate and assist die needy, to which 
unselfish service numerous re testify. 

Mrs. Bloomberg was the daughter of X. and Rebecca 
(Levy 1 Ezekiel. Thi 1 distin- 

guished families showed to advantage in her case, truly 
exemplifying the phrase: "Blood will tell." She gradu- 
ated from the Richmond High School, receiving a num- 
ber of medals. On December 1st, 1880, -he married 
L. Bloomberg. Her family life was blessed with dutiful 
children. 



She energetically labored for the Ladies' Hebrew 
Benevolent Association. Her administration accom- 
plished much for the indigent of the city. After laying 
down the presidential office, she continued to serve on 
the executive committee. Mrs. Bloomberg served on the 
Executive Committee of the Beth Ahaba Ladies' Auxil- 
iary: she was Chairman of the Executive Committee of 
the Old Dominion Hospital, and President of the Ladies' 
Auxiliary of the Masonic Home of Virginia. 




E. IK (TTIGHEIMER. 

The synagogue of Beth Ahaba had a faithful friend in 
Bottigheimer. Many a time was lie called upon to till 
the pulpit as reader when unforseen occurrences neces- 
sitated absence on the part of its regular occupant. He 
lucted services from the time of Dr. Harris' death, 
in th part of 1891, until Dr. Edward X. Calisch 

assumed charge of tin m. Since then he has 

1 fficiated during the holidi assistant to the 

rabbi. 



24 



The Reform Advocate. 



He came to Richm >nd. just prior to the War between 
the States, from Baden, Germany, where he was born in 
1845. He married Miss Amelia Gundersheimer in 1870 
and had six children to bless his union: Reverend Sey- 
mour G,, a graduate of the Hebrew Union College; Mrs. 
ne H. Jonnessof, who is popular in Jewish educa- 
tional circle-: Misses Florence, Nettie and Hattie: and 
.Manly F. 

Mr. Bottigheimer was a past president and financial 
etary of Paradise Lodge Number 223, I. O. B. B. i a 
charter member I, and a past master and secretary of I 
ternal Lodge Number 53, A. F. and A. M. He had an 
manner and possessed an approachable personality. 



JULIUS STRAUS. 

A man of great activity, the late Julius Straus made a 
lasting place for his name in the congregational and in- 
stitutional history of this city. Born in Richmond on 
May 4, 1843, he grew up to love the place and to labor 
for its advancement in every way. lie was the son of 
Emanuel Straus, one of the founders of Beth Ahaba, and 
followed in his father's footsteps as an ardent supporter 
of the congregation. 

Vs far back as 1873, he was elected a member of the 
board of managers of Beth Ahaba. For more than 
twenty years he served as Financial Secretary. At the 
death of X. W. Nelson ( father of Leon M. Nelson, whose 
biography appears in another column i, he was elected to 
the vice-presidency of the synagogue and, in 1898, suc- 
ceeded Moses Millhiser as President. Julius Straus also 
acted for several years, as superintendent of the Sunday 
school. 

He married Miss Carrie Mitteldorfer in 1866 and left 
five children : Mrs. Jos. M. Rosenbaum, who spends much 
of her time in educational and charitable work; Milton 



[., who has begun commendable work for the uplift of 
the community ; M. Mitteldorfer, an artist whose efforts 
are being recognized in his chosen field; Irving J., and 
Percy J. 




JULIUS STRAUS. Pl ' 0t ° ^ "Foster." 

Julius Straus was a past president of Grand Lodge, 
1. O. B. B., District Xo. 5: a member of the board of 
governors of the Masonic Home ; finance committeeman 
■ f the Grand Lodge of Masons ; and, a member of a mul- 
titude of organizations. He served both the State of 
Virginia and the City of Richmond, having been a direc- 
tor of the Central State Hospital, at Petersburg, a mem- 
ber of the Board of Public Interests and, of the Common 
Council. 




\\ VSHINGTON MONUMENT. 



The Reform Advocate. 



25 




VIEW OF RICHMOND FROM NORTHERN SUBURBS. 



CITY OF RICHMOND. 



Richmond, lying on the James, where, as one of her 
eloquent sons has aptly put it, "the falls of the river 
meet the tides of the sea," has since early colonial times 
held a prominent part in the social, political and military 
affairs of the country, great men and great events making 
her in every epoch of its development the scene of im- 
portant activities, endowing her with a fame as enduring 
as the history of the republic. 

Richmond was founded in 17Ti by Col. William Byrd, 
who in 1737 began to advertise in the Virginia Gazette 
its advantages as a place of residence and investment. In 
1756 his son, in order to hasten the sale of town lots, 
established the Byrd Lottery, long well known through- 
out the country and frequently referred to in deed- ex- 
ecuted in the present day. In 1742 the General Assembly 
of Virginia established the town of Richmond, and in 
1779 the seat of government was moved from Williams- 
burg and Richmond became the capital of Virginia. It 
was made the capital of the Southern ' deracy in 

L861, and was Eor four years the storm center of the 
fiercest and most destructive war of modern times, only 
to be left finally, when the conflict was over, with its 
business district and portions of its residence section laid 
in ashes as the result of arsenals ami military stores be- 
ing fired by the retreating army, lest they be utilize 
the city's captors. 

When the Southern army disbanded in 1865 the men 
of Richmond returned to the city to find it in ruin- 
houses destroyed, property laid waste, business -wept out 
of existence. They were too courageous to despair, 
proud to cry aloud in their distress, ami itly, grim- 

ly, and with high resolve, they sel to work to lift the city 
from the ashes of her desolation and re-establish her in 
the high position that had once been hers. Bui instead 
of trying to win back her prestige in politics and war 
the energies and abilities of the men of Richmond were 
impelled by circumstances to seek other modes of expres- 



sion, and they gave their efforts to winning for her a 
place of eminence in the commercial and industrial af- 
fairs of the country. The same unfaltering courage, the 
same -tern determination that sustained them on the field 
of battle bore them and those who came after th 
through a thousand discouragements and disappointn* 
in the task the) had se1 themselves to do in rescuing the 
city from the red ruin war had wrought, and making her. 
as -'a- l- today, one of the fairest, most prosperous ami 
most progressive of the nation's municipalities. 

So quietly has this work been done, and so accustomed 
are pi i nerallv t< < regard Richmond as merely a 

cial and political center, that few outside her own 
zens have taken the measure of her accomplishment, and 
not many even of those who know fully appreciate 
significance. Vet so effective has it been that in point 
of diversity of manufacturing interests, no less than in 
the aggregate value of product. Richmond is surpas 
by few cities of the same size in the country, while in the 
matter of compact city building and modern municipal 
improvements it has few equals among cities of any size. 

The spirit i sive enterprise exhibited by thi 

men of Richmond attracted the attention of those from 
other communities who were looking for opportunities 
ist their lot among f energy and activity, and 

lately considerable outside mon come here for in- 

ment, giving added impulse to wdiat was being ac- 
complished by her owi \\ ith this new money and 
the new blood that d it, and with the com 
of her own people strengthened by each victory 
their ambition rising higher with each obstacle overcome. 
Richmond looks buoyantlj out upon a future that bi 
ens as the perspective ns, and is bounded by no 
perceptible lines of limitation. 

Furnishing a broad basis for the activities of her ; 
pie, though • inoperative without them, is Rich- 

mond'- position of natural strength with respect to the 



26 



The Reform Advocate. 



W. A. Chesterman 



General Contractor 



1007 West Broad Street 
Richmond, Va. 



Thos. N. Kendler 

Manufacturer of 

Cornices, Skylights 
and Metal Ceilings 

Phone Madison 5418 

407 Brooke Ave., Richmond, Va. 



H. F. GRIMMELL 



WM. GRIMMELL 



H. GRIMMELL'S SONS 

DEALERS IN 

STOVES and RANGES 

TINNING, PLUMBING & GAS FITTING 

Stove Repairs A Specialty 
Phone Mad. 2266 304 E. Broad St. 

RICHMOND, VA. 



A. F. PERR1N 

Formerly SLAUGHTER & PERRIN 

General Contractor 

Estimates given on all classes of Building Construction 

Repair Work given prompt attention 

Phone Mad 2936 402 NATIONAL BANK OF VA. 

RICrlHOND, VA. 



The C. Manning Plumbing Co. 

Incorporated 

Plumbing, Tinning, Gas and 

Steam Fitting 

Furnaces, Ranges, Latrobes 

Phone Madison 2814 

1443 E. Main Street RICHMOND, VA. 



ROBBINS & NELSON CO. 

Everything Electrical 



711 E. Main St. 



RICHMOND, VA. 



PHONE MADISON 9834 

-A. J". ^V7RAY 
Ornamental Marble and Granite Works 

328-330 S. Cherry St. RICHMOND. VA. 

Owxkb OP m'AHiv of Virginia Bl.uk Granite 



F. F. V. 

Facts —Figures -Verified 

CHARLES F. HUDNALL 

Auditing Accounting Systematizing 

Monroe 43 1 909 Travelers BIdg 

RICHMOND, VA. 




PHONE, MONROE 2538 



EDW4RD L. PERKINS & CO. 

Monuments and Cemetery 
Furniture 

of every description 

Office and Show Room, 409 S. Cherry St. 

RICHMOND, VA. 



KOBT. W. GILLIAM 



F. W. SHAW 



J. C. AYERS 



ROBT. W. GILLIAM & CO. 

Successor, to L. W. DORSET & CO, 

TINNERS, PLUMBERS and GAS FITTERS 

Furnaces, Latrobe Stoves and Ranges, Roof Painting 

Agents for Malleable Ranges made in South Bend 

All Work Entrusted to Us Will Receive Prompt Attention 

Telephone Madison 2917 114 NORTH SEVENTH ST. 

RICHMOND, VA. 



O C LYNE 










W. B 


HARRIS 


i^xtstes 


eft? 












Coal 


*X XX 


<a 


\?sr 


o 


o 


ca. 


PHONE MONROE 4376 









The Reform Advocate. 



27 



three fundamental element- necessary I 
ufacturing — raw materials, power and tra 
The Richmond men of the early days appreciate' 
portance of this position — doubtless, , it was a ■ 

trolling factor in the founding of the cit\ and b< on 
era of steam in turning wheels and dm 
before its utilization upon ocean roads and steel high- 
ways, advantage was taken of the power di 
the falls of the James River, and of the lei p i urrent be- 
low the falls that bore the commerce of the i ■<■ ■ to and 
from the open sea, thus furnishing power for production 
and the facilities for assembling the raw materials and for 
carrying to market the finished product. Cotton mills 



railway lines, reaching north and south and west, and 
to the nearby seaboard, and there is now no section 
of the country, no market of the world, which Richmond 
products cannot reach with a facility and a cheapness 
that will with those enjoyed by any other city. 

With respect to some, and especially to the rapidly-grow- 
ing South, whose people in proportion to production at 
honn nired articles than 

thosi . Richmond occupies a position 

ii"! -in-passed by that of any recognized 
rival. 

In the matter of raw materials of many kinds, Rich- 
mond possesses many advantages in the economical as- 




CITY HALL. 



flourished here in the early days, great flouring mills, 
with burrs and bolts driven by the strength of the har- 
nessed waters, sent thousands of barrels of their product 
yearly into the markets of the world; iron mills and 
woodworking plants, each with its own individual race 
and its own great water-wheel, made further use of the 
motive potentiality which a generous nature had so lib- 
erally provided. 

Since the dawning of the day of -team and the relega- 
tion of water for power and transportation from its p 
tion of primacy to that of an added advantage, other 
cities have secured by artificial means many of the ad- 
vantages that formerly were Richmond's by force of nat- 
ural endowment, and her enterprising sons have been 
called to meet a keener competition. But this, is seems, 
has only served to arouse them to a greater degree of de- 
termination, to the display of more energy and activity, 
to the end that their city might be placed on an equal 
plane of acquired facilities and still enjoy the added ad- 
vantages of its natural endowment. Bending their en- 
deavor to this object, the men of Richmond have caused 
their city to be made the meeting point of five great trunk 



sembling. The fields of tobacco that grow near and all 
around; the forests of waving pine and sturdy oak and 
towering poplar — and all the various kinds of woods that 
grow between the Ohio River and the Atlantic Ocean — 
the mines of coal that enrich the hills of Virginia and 
West Virginia; the iron bed- that lie thinly covered by 
the soil of either State; the cotton fields of the northern 
portion of North Carolina and the southern end of the 
Old Dominion — all these pour their wealth of material 
naturally, easily and cheaply into the lap of Richmond, 
here by the application of brain and power and handicraft 
to be wrought into myriad finished forms for the use and 
enjo} ment of mankind. 

The plants, large and small, occupied with turning 
these and other raw materials into finished products in 
1910 numbered 1782, employing laborers to the number 
of 32,i i! >l ». and with an aggregate capital of $35,073,510. 
The combined output of these plants totaled in 1910 I the 
latest figure- available) $90,281,408. Prominent among 
these manufacturing establishments are those engaged in 
the manufacture of smoking and plug tobaccos, cigars. 
cigarettes and cheroots ; the Richmond branch of the 



28 



The Reform Advocate. 



McKENNEY 

Dyeing and Cleaning 
Establishment 

Phone 3340 
418 East Marshall St. RICHMOND, VA. 



Makers of all kinds 


RICHMOND PAPER ROX FACTORY 


INCORPORATED 


Phone Monroe 2481 


1333=35-37 East Franklin St. RICHMOND, VA. 



PHONES 



GO 16 Madison 
2962 Mudison 



P. O. BOX S32 



ACCOUNTANTS' COMPANY 

PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS 

AND 

SYSTEMATIZERS 

200 NAT'L BANK VIRGINIA BUILDING 

RICHMOND, VA. 



Richmond Auto Tire 
Works 

The VULCANIZERS 

Let Us Quote You On 

New Tires and Accessories 
924 W. Broad St. RICHMOND, VA. 







, irr r t r T T T f r , , , 

1 irr. r r r r r r T T f r, ' * > 1 f • 

- * \ \ ! S V = 




Virginia 
Baking Co. 

Inc 

Cakes and 
Crackers 

Richmond, Va. 



BOWLING COODS 
ALSO IN STOCK. 



WE CARRY A 

COMPLETE STOCK 

OF SUPPLIES 



C. P. Dean Corporation 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

BILLIARD AND POOL TABLES 

No. 10 Governor St. RICHMOND, VA. 



Richmond Dairy Co, 

FOR 

Milk, Cream and Butter 



Established 1868 



Phone 1935 



James B. Lacy Coal Co. 

YARDS : Cor. Madison and Cary 
FACTORY: 6th and Byrd Streets 
RICHMOND, VA. 

COAL and WOOD 

Dealers in 

High-Grade Red Ash Anthracite and Bituminous Coal 

Oak and Pine Wood, which modern machinery afiords in 

superior facilities (or preparing for the consumer 



Gerhardt Bros., Inc. 

MANTELS, TILING, TINNING 
PLUMBING AND GAS FITTING 



PHONE 
MADISON 2163-L 



505 East Main Street 
Richmond, Va, 



S. FL Hawes & Co« 

Dealers in 

COAL, Lime, Cement, Etc. 

Telephones 57 and 3817 

Richmond, Virginia 



H. N.FRANCIS CO., Inc. 



RICHflOND. VA. 



TILING, MANTELS, GAS LOGS, 
FIREPLACE TRIMMINGS 



A. Ruggles Nelson, Jesse A. Ladd, W. H. Nelson, 

President Vice-Prett & Gen*l Mgr. Secretary 

NELSON & LADD, Inc. 

Wholesale and Retail Dealers in all Kinds of 

Coal, Cok^e and Wood 

Office and Yards: 

1903-5-7 East Cary Street 

Telephones, Monroe 1096 and 1097 Richmond, Va. 



The Reform Advocate. 



29 



American Locomotive Co.; the Tredegar Company, with 
its great foundry and machine he Old Domin 

Iron and Nail Works, the Rich ■ Works, the 

three big paper mills, the Southern Manufacturing ' 
making baking powder; the flouring lie numei 

large plants of the Virginia-Carolina ' hemical Co., man- 
ufacturing fertilizers, and the plan e Richmi 
( luano Co.. 

First in importance in manufacturing -on 

of total value of output, are tl I in manufac- 

turing tobacco into its various marl orms — smok- 

ing, plug, cigars, cigarettes, chen ots, in which the prod- 
uct aggregates $21,350,925. Nexl comes the foundaries 
and iron works and the nest of plants turning out loco- 
motive-, boilers, engine- ami agricultural implemi 
with a total product of $10,525,150. These are followed, 

in turn, by fertilizer--, paper, 1 ts and butchers 

and packers of meat-, manufacturers of lumber, and so 
on down the list to the small concei >ying but few 

hands and turning out products of -mail relative value, 
hut each lending its help to build up an mi-' ggre- 

gate. The advantage gained from this wide diversity 
of manufacturing intere-t- is thai il the city from 

those periods of depression that inevitably come to the 
community that is dominated by a single industry, and 
which is prosperous or otherwise according as that par- 
ticular industry i- active or stagnant. 

But large as her manufacturing industries are, and 
varied as they are. Richmond <till presents unsurpassed 
opportunities for the establishment of many more suc- 
cessful plants. The value of water-power in the econom- 
ical production of various articles of manufacture is com- 
ing to be more and more realized as competition becomes 
sharper and the uncertainty of fuel prices is more and 
more emphasized by disturbances in labor conditions and 
the ever-shifting urgency of demand, and the possibilities 
of the James River in this respect are many times a great 
as the present development. Beginning within the cor- 
poration limits of this city and extending up the river 
for 30 miles is a succession of falls aggregating 160 feet, 
and it is merely a matter of the multiplication of dams 
to make the current of that historic stream furnish many 
thousands of horse-power more than is now living util- 
ized. Within the city limits are four or five dams, di- 
verting portions of the water to races on either side, thus 
furnishing direct power for various operations. The city 
owns some of this power development, a portion of which 
it uses in running the pumps of its water plant, while 
another portion is used in generating electricity for mu- 
nicipal lighting purposes. The Virginia Railway & 
Power Co. is the owner of a large share of these devel- 
opments, and furnishes to many customers either v 
power converted into electricity or the current from its 
races that will develop power. It is the policy of this 
company to furnish ample power for such manufacturing 
plants as may wish to locate in Richmond, and with the 
increase in demand it will either further develop its wa- 
ter-power holdings to make use of the potentiality now 
running to waste, or will add to the capacity of the steam 
plant which it is already operating in the city. Xo ap- 
plying industrial establishment will be left powerless, so 
to speak. 

With this great advantage of cheap power, with its 
ample railroad and waterway facilities, with its nearness 
to raw material supplies, with the constantly increasing 
.growth of the South, and its constantly increasing de- 
mand for more manufactured articles, and with the un- 
conquerable determination of her business men and cap- 
italists to achieve primacy in commercial and industrial 
matters, it seems that Richmond has just begun to 



grow, and that what has been done, much as it seems, as 
not so much an illustration of actual achievement as it 
is an earnest of what can be achieved and what the future 

.\ ill witne 

\\ bile there are inviting opportunities here for the i 
tablishment of nev - of many kinds, 

it is felt that the opening i >od for concerns 

engaged in making bui vagons, automo- 

biles, pianos, furniture, pa; - and broom-. Many 

others could he added to that list, but these a 
as probably most in demand just at present. 

Next to her manufacturing industries, Richmond's 
wholesale int< :cupy the most important 

place with respect to I eneral public. These emp 
a total capita] of $13,225,237. and the sales in 1910 
. ggregated $71, 190,718. 
business is done in the following lin< 

Groceries, confectionerie ors, tobacco, 

cigarettes, provisions, boots and -hoe-, dry goods and 
notions, coal, wood, hay. nursery stock, drugs, 

licorice, flavoring extracts, hardware, agricultural im- 
plements, railway, mill and plumbing supplies, bicycles, 
automobiles, rubber and sporting goods, oils, paints, 
varnish, g ather, hides, saddlery, tanbark, 

tin, china, earthenware, hooks, stationery, paper, furni- 
ture, carpet-, upholstery, piano-, organs and other 
musical instruments and musical goods. 

Ihi- great trade is secured chiefly from the south, and 
is due to the liberal policy which Richmond merchants 
deal with their patrons, and the energy and activity ot 
the army of traveler- who carry the flag of Richmond 
commerce, no less than to the excellent mi yed 

for reaching the business center- of that territorv. It is 
the result of a tine combination i f personal enterprise and 
transportation facilities. 

A number of matter- now in course of consummation 
will, it is thought, add materially to the opportunities for 
doing business profitably in Richmond, \mong these is 
a railroad now being built from a connection with this 
city into the five wealthy, populous and productive 
Virginia counties f irming what is known as the "North- 
ern Neck." This will bring within three hours' ride of 
Richmond 70.000 people who have >re done their 

chief trading elsewhere owing to the fact that communi- 
cation was ea-ier than with this city. It is believed that 
the new road will turn a considerable portion, possibly 
half, of that trade to this city. There are 700 country 
Stores and 10.000 farms in the territory thus sought to 
he bound to Richmond, and it i- thought trade amounting 
to $2,500,000 will I- the city by building the 

road. Tin of Richmond recently subcribed 

$75,000 to aid in its construction, and it is expected that 
it will he completed within three years. 1 tion to 

the present trade of the "Northern Neck," the con- 
struction of a railroad into that section will doubtless 
cause a rapid growth, so that the returns will be even 
larger than anticipated. 

Negotiations that have been in progress for some time 
in looking to building a traction line from this city to 
Urbanna a point 30 mile- distant, on the Rappahannock 
River, are reported to lie nearly completed, and it is felt 
that the road will unquestionably be built. The section 
through which it will pass has been sadly in need of 
facilities for reaching this city, and the proposed traction 
line will do much to develop the country and increase 
its trade with Richmond. 

Richmond, by the way. having been the first city to 
successfully operate a trolley car. ha- much faith in it as 
a developer of outlying territory and a builder of trade, 
and believes that the most potential factor in city growth 



30 



The Reform Advocate. 



W. D. ROSE 



PHONE MONROE 1076 



J- W. BAKER 



Rose Sr Baker 

General Contractors 
and Builders 

REPAIR WORK 

HON. Jefferson St., RICHMOND, VA, 



Marcellus Hicks 



T. B Hicks, Jr. 



PHONES. MONROE 224, MADISON 69 

Thos. B. Hicks' Sons 
Livery and Automobiles 



Leaders in Select Livery 
Office: 101 E. Main St. 

CORNER FIRST and MAIN 



Open Day and Night 
Richmond, Va. 



Smithdeal Business College 

Corner 9th and Broad Sts. 

Twice as many calls for our Students as n>e 
can fill. Call or write for information. 

W. T. SMITHDEAL 

President. 



William E- Tanner 



John F. Tanner 



Tanner Paint and Oil Co. 

Manufacturers of 

High-Grade Paints 

Phones: Mad. 399, Mad. 1797 

1417-1419 Main St. Richmond, Va. 



WM. C. STERTZ 
112 North First Street 



MICHAEL SEAY 

718 Griffin Avenue 

Bro->kIand Park, Phone Monroe 2778 



STERTZ & SEAY 

Contractors and Builders 

JOB WORK PROMPTLY DONE 
112 North First Street Richmond, Va. 




C. B. Norvell 

Manufacturer of 

Awnings, Tents, Decorations and Flags 
of All Kinds. 

Canopies and Floor Covering or Wed- 
dings a Specialty 



204 N. Foushee St. Phone, Madison 486 

RICHMOND, VA. 
Sole Agent for the A. L. Folding Arm Awning 



It is vitally important that 
your drinking water be pure 

Broad Rock Water with the 
lowest total of mineral solids 
of any water of which we have 
knowledge is 

Wonderfully pure 



THE BELL BOOK and 
STATIONERY CO. 

Commercial Stationers 
Engravers .'. .'. Printers 

914 E. Main St. RICHMOND, VA. 



THE AMERICAN AUDIT CO. 

Room 017-819 American Bank HIiIk. 

THOS. P. HOWARD, C.P.A., New York, Resident Manager 

Our report* have gained ti nat'onal reputation for 
accuracy, clearness and reliability.. That Is why they 
""' accepted as a im»i* if , relit bj banks throughout 
Hi,- countrj when preset i by our clients. 



GEO. B. WILSON. C. P. A. (Va.) 
President 



A. M. PULLEN. C. P. A. (Va.) 
Seer., and Treas. 



Wilson and Pullen 

PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS 
and AUDITORS 



Richmond, Va. 

903 904 Travelers Ins. Bldg 



Raleigh, N. C. 

505 Masonic Temple 





HAVE YOUR SHIRTS MADE TO ORDER 






BISHOP 






THE SHIRT BUILDER 




30 N 


orth 7th St. RICHMOND, 


VA. 



^;ill Mad. 1990 for Prompt Attention. 


1VE- EISEN 


A1NTTIQUBS 

Bought and Sold 


FURNITURE REPAIRED AND FINISHED 


1619 W. Broad St. RICHMOND, VA. 



The Reform Advocate. 



31 



is a good system of suburban and interurban railv 
It i- claimed b) people hei i know, that n 

the country of like size has a betl 

such railways than Richmond. i i and in- 

terurban electric lines enter Richmo 

have exerted and still exert upon its pro • 

perity cannot be estimated. I Ine i ndid 

line between this city and Petersburg, a dista 
thing mure than JO miles. It jiv ervice almosl be- 
yond criticism, and is not only an eiii tive helper oi 
cities, but is rapidly building up the intervening 

Inside the city of Richmond the streel oar service i 
such high order that the people universally take pride 
and pleasure in calling the attention of visitors and 
strangers to it, and mosl of them are ready to assert that 
it is not surpassed by that rendered in any city any- 
where. The relations of the company owning the elec- 
tric lines — the Virginia Railway & Power Co and the 
city are cordial, and each is ready to help the other, 
realizing that in doing so it takes an effective wa 



in business as may come than to helping bring it. ( me 
ot these is a new brid the James between Rich- 

mond and wl nerly Manchester, but is now 

th Richmond, and i municipality. 

new viaduct is being eri site of old Mayo - 

bridge, an ancient stru at was operated for many 

years as a toll bridge, but was finally purchased by the 
city and has been torn down to make way for the new 
tructure. This will be a reinforced concrete structure, 
el in width, and will cost $250,000. Another bridge 
will be constructed shortly between these two sections 
of the city, the demands of traffic being so great that 
they cannot be adequately met by one crossing. Plans 
and bids have already been asked for the construction of 
the sec >nd bridge. 

The city owns the water-works and gas plant, and 
has also an electric light and power plant of its own. In 
fact, it has two distinct water plants, each capable of 
working independent of the other, and each with capacity 
t i pump more water titan the city needs. Such an ar- 




MONUMENT AVENUE. 



helping itself. The city receives 3J per cent, of the 
company's earnings, while the patron.-, of it- lines gel 
six tickets for a quarter, with universal transfers, and 
school children and working people get tickets, good 
between certain hours, for 2} cents apiece. 

The city has constructed a public wharf on James 
River, operated by the municipality, the owner and 
operator of the Richmond Dock, long owned by a pri 
company. This insures adequate terminal facilities for 
all water-borne commerce at re cost. This action 

is taken also to meet the requirements of Congress, 
recently promulgated, that Goverment appropriations 
for interior waterway development will only he made 
where adequate terminal facilities are publicly owned 
and operated, so as to insure shi] ainsl private 

control. Other matter- under consideration with res] 
to increasing the facilities for shipment of freight by 
water will doubtless be properly worked out within a 
short time, and the result will he. it is hoped, a largely- 
increased impetus in general busini 

Other plans in contemplation and in progress of 
consummation will serve to help this 
of these look rather to properly caring for such incr 



rangement avoids any possible danger of interfen 
in supply, such as is frequently occasioned in cities 
having hut a single plant by the breaking down of some 
of it- machinery. The pumps and machinery of 
both the-e plant- arc operated by water-power from the 
river. 

The municipal goverment of the city is honest and 

ind has the confidence of the people to a high 

degree. The officials are thoroughly awake to the 

t the city, and are swift to take advantage 

of any opportunity that for helping it in its 

progress. The growth of tin nee 1900 to I 

was 50 per cent., and it now has a population of 127.668. 

rea i- but 11 square mile-, and it is therefore the 

e in the United 
State-, with I n, X. 1. It 

■mi| mlation of 40,000. 
Just now th ivity in building, and I 

record for 1'~>11. which is the highest ever made by the 
city, -;and- in danger of being eclipsed. In that year the 
buildings constrw . an 

increase of 51 er the year 1" hen they 

totaled $4,000,000. The most impressive building i 



32 



The Reform Advocate. 



under way is that of the First National Dank. This 

tructure will be 19 stories above ground, the tallest bnild- 

south of New York and east of the Mississippi. It 

istructed of materials both substantial and 

ornamental, and will be one of the handsomest buildings 

i n anywhere. ( Ither large and handsome struct- 

i under wa\ in various parts of the city, while 

still others have but recentl) bee ipleted, and man) 

more are to lie begun with the opening of spring. Alto- 
gether the business sections of the city present the 
appearance of a thoroughly modern municipality, and 
one substantially buill as well. Many street improve- 
ment; are in progress also, and the stranger visiting 
Richmond for the first time is much impressed by the 
activity in evidence on every hand. 

The Chamber of Commerce of Richmond, well officered 
and well directed, is one of the most aggressive bodies 
'if the kind to be found in the entire south, and is a 
potential factor in advancing the material interests of the 
community. Its members are active and devoted, and 
much of their time to carrying out the objects of the 
nization. Just now the body is about to build a 
home in which will also be established a Manufac- 
turers' Exhibit. There will be gathered together in 
this building articles of every kind manufactured in the 
city, so that the visitor can see within the limits of a 
comparatively short visit just what is being accomplished 
in the various lines of manufacture. The exhibit will 
he permanent. 

The great banking capital of Richmond is one of the 
sources of its immense commercial and industrial 
strength. The banks have money, and the bankers are 
not afraid to let it go for any substantial business, and 
therefore many large enterprises are financed by home 
money instead of having to go abroad for capital. A 
leading business man said a day or two ago 
that, whereas any proposition calling for $50,000 
or more would a few years ago have been com- 



pelled to go elsewhere for financing, similar propositions 
calling for hundreds of thousands could now be financed 
in Richmond without outside help. This is, of course, 
a tremendous ;b-ct. for it is easier to demonstrate a local 
proposition to a local man than to a stranger, and when 
home money stands behind home enterprises those enter- 
prises have the moral as well as the financial support of 
the o\\ ners of the money. 

The hold active men of Richmond have not been 
satisfied to build up their own city merely, but have been 
leaders in many enterprises throughout other sections 
of the South, helping to construct railroads, establish 
manufacturing industries and build cities. They have 
felt that their city should be the business capital of the 
i ountry to the south of it, as it was formerly its political 
capital, and have devoted much of their time and energy 
and invested much of their money to make it such. 
! laving been successful in accumulating large private 
fortunes — for there are many millionaires in Richmond — 
they feel like using them in developing the wonderland 
of riches known as the South, to the end that oppor- 
tunities for amassing fortunes may be opened up to the 
thousands of Southern people. 

With a generalship equal to that with which Lee and 
Jackson and Stuart led the armed legions of the South, 
upon so many fields of glory and of carnage, the new 
generals of the Virginia capital are marshalling the 
industrial hosts of that same South upon new fields of 
endeavor, where the same patient courage displayed at 
the behest of the commanders of that other day will win 
bloodless victories of greater moment. It is a great 
mission to which these gallant Virginia gentlemen have 
called themselves, and its success means making the 
South what nature intended it should be. the garden spot 
of this continent — rich beyond human computation, lovely 
be) 'iid compare. 








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The Reform Advocate. 



THE REFORM ADVOCATE 

LIBRARY 

20 DISCOURSES 

BY 

DR. EMIL G. HIRSCH 



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1 "The Jews and Jesus" 

2 "Jesus, His Life and Times" 

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5 "Why Am I a Jew?" (I) 

6 "Why Am I a Jew?" (II) 

7 "The Inalienable Duties of Man" (I) 

8 "The Inalienable Dutieo of Man" (Hi 

9 "Myth, Miracle and Midrash" (II) 

10 "The Bible in the Light of Modern Science" 

11 "The Place of the Individual in Organized Charity" 

12 "Some Tendencies of the Modern Drama" 

13 "Attacks on Jews and Judaism" 

14 "Judaism and the Higher Criticism" 

15 "The Doctrine of Evolution and Judaism" 

16 "Judaism and Modern Religion" 

17 "The God of Israel" 

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